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Dan Klein 2 days ago EconLog Library.

David hume essays moral and political summary

Alberto Mingardi writes Daniel Layman and the forgotten Lockeans. The essay aims to discomfort those who lionize the ancients of Greece and Rome, by arguing, in effect, that neither had succeeded in establishing a political order that truly achieved what we today would call the rule of law. The moderns have succeeded better, somehow.

The establishment of the rule of law in an extensive territory would bring prosperity, and prosperity would be reflected in populousness. Thus, Hume uses populousness to assess the ancient world.

Acknowledged Works (1741-78)

He argues that ancient Greece and Rome were much less populous than many like to think, and, thus, less prosperous, and less glorious. Hume proceeds through a number of major aspects of the empirical question of populousness, highlighting the violence, capriciousness, and brutality of ancient society. The first is slavery.

He explains why it is wholly detrimental to populousness, and, indeed, this section of the essay pp. These too, he says, should make us skeptical about claims of ancient prosperity and populousness.

Anonymous Works (1739-45)

About ancient revolutions, Hume writes:. In ancient history, we may always observe, where one party prevailed, whether the nobles or people for I can observe no difference in this respect that they immediately butchered all of the opposite party who fell into their hands, and banished such as David Hume Reflection Paper been so fortunate as to escape their fury. No form of process, no law, no trial, no pardon. A fourth, a third, perhaps near half of the city was slaughtered, or expelled, every revolution; and the exiles always joined foreign David Hume Reflection Paper, and did all the mischief possible to their fellow-citizens; till fortune put it in their power to take full revenge by a new revolution.

And as these were frequent in such violent governments, the disorder, diffidence, jealousy, enmity, David Hume Reflection Paper must prevail, are not easy for us to imagine in this age of the world. We https://amazonia.fiocruz.br/scdp/essay/media-request-css/china-s-largest-population-on-earth.php from ancient history, that Thrasybulus passed a general amnesty for all past offences; and first introduced that word, as well as practice, into Greece.

It appears, however, from many orations of Lysias, that the chief, and even some of the subaltern offenders, in the preceding tyranny, were tried, and capitally punished. These people were extremely fond of liberty; but seem not to have understood it very well. When the thirty tyrants [a pro-Spartan oligarchy installed in Athens after its defeat in the Peloponnesian War in BC] first established their dominion at Athens, they began with seizing all the sycophants and informers, who had been so troublesome during the Democracy, and putting them to death by an arbitrary sentence and execution.

Every mansays Sallust and Lysias, was rejoiced at these punishments ; not considering, that liberty was from that moment annihilated. Hume goes on to address the security of life and property and the attitudes toward and extent of commerce and trade. He throws salt on ancient accounts that have suggested great populousness, and highlights other ancient remarks suggesting otherwise. Happiness, prosperity, and populousness depend on the rule of law.

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