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Alida J. Purpose: Posttraumatic stress disorder PTSD is a mental health problem with a negative impact on quality of life. Little is known about the relationship between PTSD and visual impairment. According to diagnostic criteria for PTSD, vision loss in itself is generally not considered as a traumatic event. PTSD in people with visual impairment is more likely to be the result of traumatic events, which are not directly related, or are only indirectly related to, visual impairment. The purpose of this systematic review was to describe and discuss the literature on the development of PTSD in people with visual impairment. Additional search strategies included hand searches of references of retrieved papers and free-text hand searches in Google Scholar. Thematic content analysis of the extracted data was carried out in order to identify main themes and subthemes. Results: Findings from 13 articles are presented in a narrative manner along three main themes: 1 posttraumatic stress disorder; 2 traumatic events and 3 impact of traumatic events.

Can: An Individual With Visual Impairment

THE CASE OF OLIVER BROWN V THE	3 days ago · Transient monocular visual impairment as an initial symptom of COVID infection in an individual with multiple sclerosis receiving teriflunomide. Mehmet Fatih Yetkin Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Erciyes University, , Kayseri, Turkey. 12 hours ago · The development of posttraumatic stress disorder in individuals with visual impairment: a systematic search and review Alida J. van der Ham *, Hilde P.A. van der Aa, Audun Brunes, Trond Heir, Ralph de Vries, Ger H.M.B. van Rens, Ruth M.A. van Nispen. Jan 13,  · Restricted or repetitive behavior (RRB) is common for individuals with visual impairment (VI), autism spectrum disorder (ASD), and intellectual disability. Previous reviews have suggested that VI may moderate the effectiveness of behavioral interventions to decrease RRB. A search of the single case literature resulted in 30 studies and 40 experiments involving participants with VI to Author: Sarah E. Ivy, Jennifer R. Ledford.
An Individual With Visual Impairment	Jan 13,  · Restricted or repetitive behavior (RRB) is common for individuals with visual impairment (VI), autism spectrum disorder (ASD), and intellectual disability. Previous reviews have suggested that VI may moderate the effectiveness of behavioral interventions to decrease RRB. A search of the single case literature resulted in 30 studies and 40 experiments involving participants with VI to Author: Sarah E. Ivy, Jennifer R. Ledford. 12 hours ago · The development of posttraumatic stress disorder in individuals with visual impairment: a systematic search and review Alida J. van der Ham *, Hilde P.A. van der Aa, Audun Brunes, Trond Heir, Ralph de Vries, Ger H.M.B. van Rens, Ruth M.A. van Nispen. "Visual impairment" is a general term that describes a wide range of visual function, from low vision through total blindness. Here is an example of the variations in the term "visual impairment" or "visually impaired" from the World Health Organization Levels of Visual Impairment: Moderate Visual Impairment: Snellen visual acuity = 20/70 to 20/
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An Individual With Visual Impairment.

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Either your web browser doesn't support Javascript or it is currently turned off. In the latter case, please turn on Javascript support in your web browser and reload this page. Here, we report an unusual presentation of COVID infection in a teriflunomide-treated individual with multiple sclerosis MS who did not interrupt teriflunomide treatment during the infection.

The course of the infection was mild in this case as in other reported teriflunomide-treated individuals with COVID It can also be concluded that teriflunomide may be considered a safe disease-modifying treatment option during the pandemic. In Decemberthe outbreak of a novel coronavirus disease COVID in China spread worldwide and turned into a pandemic which caused great concern [ 1 ].

Visual Acuity and Low Vision

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 SARS-CoV-2 is a microorganism that primarily targets the respiratory system. However, due to its neuroinvasive ability, it can also cause symptoms and signs involving the central nervous system [ 23 ]. Although COVID is most frequently encountered with the symptoms of a fever, cough, and weakness, it may present with symptoms related to neurological involvement An Individual With Visual Impairment as headaches, Indifidual change, ischemic or hemorrhagic infarction, myelitis, myositis, and encephalitis [ 24 ]. Data from both clinical and animal studies has shown that coronaviruses CoVs can cross the blood-brain barrier and show neuroinvasive properties [ 5 ].

Introduction

Although the mechanism of invasion into the central nervous system is not fully understood, it is article source that there are four conduction pathways through the olfactory nerve, the passage of lymphocytes and monocytes infected by CoVs, the microvascular endothelium pathway, and the transsynaptic pathway from the peripheral nerves [ 5 ].

Multiple sclerosis MS is a chronic, persistent inflammatory-demyelinating disease of the central nervous system CNS pathologically characterized by areas of inflammation, demyelination, axonal loss, and gliosis [ 6 ]. During the pandemic, maintaining a balance between the side effects of any disease-modifying treatments and the control of the disease activity itself makes the management of MS difficult. In previous studies, it has been shown An Individual With Visual Impairment pwMS who receive disease-modifying drugs are more likely to develop infections and require hospitalization. The infections have a higher rate of mortality compared to those contracted among the public [ 7 ].

Ihdividual infections can https://amazonia.fiocruz.br/scdp/essay/pathetic-fallacy-examples/health-promotion-model-of-nursing.php An Individual With Visual Impairment activity and consequently cause relapse or worsen the pre-existing MS symptoms, which is considered to be a pseudo-relapse [ 7 Impairmemt.

Here, we report a teriflunomide-treated individual with MS with an unusual clinical presentation of COVID who admitted with monocular visual impairment and consequently had a favorable outcome. The neurological examination was unremarkable except horizontal nystagmus and gait ataxia.]