The Process of Natural Selection - amazonia.fiocruz.br

The Process of Natural Selection Video

Evolution is change in the heritable characteristics of biological populations over successive generations.

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Different characteristics tend to exist within any given population as a result of mutationgenetic recombination and other sources of genetic variation. The scientific theory of evolution by natural selection was conceived independently by Charles Darwin and Alfred Russel Wallace in the midth century and was set out in detail in Darwin's book On the Origin of Https://amazonia.fiocruz.br/scdp/essay/is-lafayette-a-hidden-ivy/discuss-genetic-factors-in-aggressive-behaviour.php.

This is followed by three observable facts about living organisms: 1 traits vary among individuals with respect to their morphology, physiology and behaviour phenotypic variation2 different traits confer different rates of survival and reproduction differential fitness and 3 traits can be passed from generation to generation heritability of fitness. In the early 20th century, other competing ideas of evolution such as mutationism and orthogenesis were refuted as the modern synthesis reconciled Darwinian evolution with classical geneticswhich established adaptive evolution as being caused by natural selection acting on Mendelian genetic variation.

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All life on Earth shares a last universal common ancestor LUCA [10] [11] [12] that lived approximately 3. Existing patterns of biodiversity have been shaped by repeated formations of new species speciationchanges within species anagenesis and loss of species extinction throughout the evolutionary history of life on Earth.

Evolutionary biologists have continued to study various aspects of evolution by forming and testing hypotheses as well as constructing theories based on evidence from the field or laboratory and on data generated by the methods of mathematical and theoretical biology. Their discoveries have influenced not just the development of biology but numerous other scientific and industrial fields, including agriculturemedicine and computer science. The proposal that one type of organism could descend from another type goes back to some of the first pre-Socratic Greek philosopherssuch as Anaximander and Empedocles.

In contrast to these materialistic views, Aristotelianism considered all natural things as actualisations of fixed natural possibilities, known as forms. Variations of this idea became the standard understanding of the Middle Ages and were integrated into Christian learning, but Aristotle did https://amazonia.fiocruz.br/scdp/essay/pathetic-fallacy-examples/characteristics-of-the-preeminent-detective.php demand that real types of organisms always correspond one-for-one with exact metaphysical forms and specifically gave examples of how new types of living things could come to be.

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In the 17th century, the new method of modern science rejected the Aristotelian approach. It sought explanations of natural phenomena in terms of physical laws that were the same for all visible things and that did not require the existence of any fixed natural categories or divine cosmic order.

However, this new approach was slow to take root in the biological sciences, the last bastion of the concept of fixed natural types.]