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Thank you for visiting nature. You are using a browser version with limited support for CSS. To obtain the best experience, we recommend you use a more up to date browser or turn off compatibility mode in Internet Explorer. In the meantime, to ensure continued support, we are displaying the site without styles and JavaScript. In Japan, recommendations for HPV vaccines were suspended in due to unfounded safety fears.

Although vaccine opponents claim modifying sexual behavior can prevent cervical cancer, no comprehensive data exist on sexual behavior and the risk of high-grade cervical disease in a Here population. Mean age at first intercourse was In regression analyses, number of partners was a significant risk factor for HPV infection. These infections can be prevented by a highly effective vaccine and we recommend that the Japanese government resume proactive recommendations for the HPV vaccine immediately.

Cervical cancer is highly preventable and if diagnosed and treated early, highly curable. Yet it remains the fourth most frequent cancer in women globally. Almost all cases are caused by persistent infection with one or more sexually transmitted high-risk human papillomavirus hrHPV type 12.

Risk factors for HPV infection include: early onset of sexual activity, multiple sexual partners, or partners with multiple sexual partners 34. Risk factors for viral persistence and progression to high grade cervical precancers and invasive cervical cancer include exogenous factors such as tobacco smoking, high parity and coinfection with other sexually transmitted infections 25 ; viral factors such as HPV genotype, particularly HPV 16 and HPV 18, viral load and HPV variants 67 ; and host cofactors such as factors related to immune response 28.

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Therefore, HPV vaccination is an important public health intervention to prevent cervical cancer by routinely targeting adolescent girls before they become sexually active. In Japan, there are over 10, cases of cervical cancer annually and more than women die from this disease Incidence of cervical cancer and high-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia CIN is increasing in women Vaccune reproductive age However, screening is opportunistic and coverage is lower than most OECD countries The national education materials for schoolchildren recommend cancer screening for cervical cancer prevention in Japan, however, HPV vaccination are not described in the materials Since there is a close correlation between sexual activity, HPV Cocharne, and cervical cancer risk, but almost no comprehensive data that investigates a combination of all these factors in a Japanese population. We investigated the correlation between sexual behavior Hpv Vaccine The Cochrane Library And Google at sexual debut and number of sexual partnersHPV infection, including genotype-specific infection and high-grade cervical disease in sexually active Japanese women of reproductive age for a better comprehensive approach to cervical cancer prevention in Japan.

In total, women were enrolled in the study when attending for publicly funded cervical cancer screening in Niigata city between April and March Of those, women were excluded due to age, see more results, missing results for HPV testing or equivocal HPV test results, leaving a total of women enrolled. The response rate to the questionnaire on sexual history was Vaccibe Seventy-three women were excluded from the analysis because they reported no previous sexual activity. Therefore, sexually active women were included in the final analyses. Mean overall age of participants was Mean overall age at first intercourse was For age at first intercourse, 3.

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Among these women, mean age at first intercourse was significantly earlier in group A History of smoking former or current was Only Googel. In group A, This was link higher than in groups B and C, at 6. Prevalence of HPV type-specific infections is shown in supplementary Table 1.]