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It has land borders with Lebanon to the north, Syria to the northeast, Jordan on the east, the Palestinian territories of the West Bank and the Gaza Strip to the east and west, [22] respectively, and Egypt to the southwest.

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Israel's economic and technological center is Tel Aviv[23] while its seat of government and proclaimed capital is Jerusalemalthough international recognition of the state's sovereignty over Jerusalem is limited. Israel has evidence of the earliest migration of hominids out of Africa. In the 7th century CE, the Levant was taken from the Byzantine Empire by the Arabs and remained in Muslim Topuc until the First Crusade offollowed by the Ayyubid conquest of The Mamluk Sultanate of Egypt extended its control over the Levant in the 13th century until its defeat by the Ottoman Empire in During the 19th century, national awakening among Jews led to the establishment of the Zionist movement followed by immigration to Palestine.

During the first half of the 20th century, the land was controlled as a mandate of continue reading British Empire from —, having been ceded by the Ottomans at the end of the First World War.

Not long after, the Second World War saw the mandate bombed heavily and Yishuv Jews serve for the Allies, after the British agreed to supply arms and form a Jewish Brigade in Amidst growing tension and with the British eager to appease both Arab and Jewish factions, the United Nations UN adopted a Partition Plan for Palestine in recommending the creation of independent Arab and Jewish states and an internationalized Jerusalem. In its Basic LawsIsrael defines itself as a Jewish and democratic state and the nation state of the Jewish people. With a population of around 9 million as of[60] Israel is a developed country and an OECD member.

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The names Land of Israel and Children of Israel have historically been used to refer to the biblical Kingdom of Israel and the entire Jewish people respectively. Jacob and his sons had lived in Canaan but were forced by famine to go into Egypt for four generations, lasting years, [80] until Mosesa great-great grandson of Jacob, [81] led the Israelites back into Canaan during the " Exodus ". Https://amazonia.fiocruz.br/scdp/essay/calculus-on-manifolds-amazon/andrew-jackson-the-fifth-us-president.php earliest known archaeological artifact to mention the word "Israel" as a collective is the Merneptah Stele of ancient Egypt dated to the late 13th century BCE.

The oldest evidence of early humans in the territory of modern Israel, dating to 1.

The oldest fossils of anatomically modern humans found outside Africa are the Skhul and Qafzeh homininswho lived in the area that is now northern Israelyears ago. The early history of the territory is unclear. While it is unclear if there was ever a United Monarchy[] [31] [] [] there is well-accepted archeological evidence referring to "Israel" in the Merneptah Stele which dates to about BCE; [] [] [] and the Canaanites are archaeologically attested in the Middle Bronze Papee — BCE. The defeat was also recorded in the Babylonian Chronicles. With successive Persian rulethe autonomous province Yehud Medinata was gradually developing back into urban society, largely dominated by Judeans.]