Women And Gender Roles During The Maghreb - amazonia.fiocruz.br

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Many studies have looked at the role of women and family caregiving. Although not all have addressed gender issues and caregiving specifically, the results are still generalizable to women because they are the majority of informal care providers in this country. Women are the major providers of long-term care in this country, but they also have long-term care needs of their own. Women live longer than men, tend to outlive their spouses, and have less access to retirement savings such as pensions. A common scenario is an older woman who cares for her husband and who discovers that there are few resources—financial or otherwise—to meet Thd own needs for assistance. For example:.

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This time out of the workforce for caregiving may compound the impact of earlier leave Rloes to care for a child. Further, caregiving is expensive in and of itself. Women who are family caregivers are 2. Estimates indicate that some 20 percent of all female workers in the United States are family caregivers. Instead, they cope—to the best of their abilities—with the combined pressures of caring for a loved one, their need for income, reliance on often inadequate public programs and fewer employment-related benefits.

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One national study on women and caregiving highlighted the conflicting demands of work and eldercare. The study found that: For most women, fewer contributions to pensions, Social Security and other retirement savings vehicles are the result of reduced hours on the job or fewer years in the workforce. Women caregivers are: Complicating the picture, researchers have found that women who reduced their work hours while caregiving did not increase work hours once caregiving had stopped.

Caregiving also has a substantial impact on business. Absenteeism, replacing employees who quit in order to provide care and other caregiving-related activities can have serious financial consequences to employers. For instance: The toll that caregiving takes is not just financial. Higher levels of depression, anxiety, and other mental health challenges are common among women who care for an older relative or friend.

Studies find that men respond to caregiving responsibilities in a fundamentally different way. One four-year study found that middle-aged and older women who provided care for an ill or disabled spouse were almost six times as likel y to suffer depressive Women And Gender Roles During The Maghreb anxious symptoms as were those who had no caregiving responsibilities. The same study found that women who cared Women And Gender Roles During The Maghreb ill parents were twice as likely to suffer from depressive or anxious symptoms as noncaregivers. One in five female caregivers age 18 to 39 said that stress was nearly always present in their lives; nearly twice as many as those who were not caregivers and for male caregivers.

Studies have demonstarted that women are more vulnerable than men to the effect of reduced social support. A particularly strong factor in determining the mental health impact of providing care is the amount of care per week that a woman provides.

One study found a marked increase in risk among women who provided 36 or more hours per week of care to a spouse.

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Researchers concluded that there may be a threshold of time involvement beyond which the likelihood of mental health consequences rapidly escalates. The incidence of symptoms or experiences are not limited to depression.

Compounding this picture, physical ailments are not uncommon. Researchers found that more than one-third of caregivers provide intense and continuing care to others while suffering from poor health themselves. The physical impact of providing care can lead to long-term care needs for the caregiver.

Despite the physical and emotional tolls of caregiving and risk factors for disease, women caregivers are less likely to have their own health needs met. These same caregivers were also slightly more likely to smoke and consume more saturated fat.]