Within the period 1894 2005 Lenin has - amazonia.fiocruz.br

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The party started in as the Bolsheviks , a majority faction from the Russian Social Democratic Labour Party , led by Vladimir Lenin , who seized power in the October Revolution of It was outlawed entirely three months later on 6 November on Russian territory. The CPSU was a communist party based on democratic centralism. This principle, conceived by Lenin, entails democratic and open discussion of policy issues within the party, followed by the requirement of total unity in upholding the agreed policies. When the Congress was not in session, the Central Committee was the highest body. Because the Central Committee met twice a year, most day-to-day duties and responsibilities were vested in the Politburo , previously the Presidium , the Secretariat and the Orgburo until The party leader was the head of government and held the office of either General Secretary , Premier or head of state , or some of the three offices concurrently, but never all three at the same time. Within the period 1894 2005 Lenin has.

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The Russian Empire [b] was a historical empire that extended across Eurasia and North America fromfollowing the end of the Great Northern Waruntil the Republic was proclaimed by the Perild Government that took power after the February Revolution of It played a major role in — in defeating Napoleon 's ambitions read article control Europe and expanded to the west and south, becoming one of the most powerful European empires of all time. The House of Romanov ruled the Russian Empire from until Its matrilineal branch of patrilineal German descent, the House of Holstein-Gottorp-Romanovruled from until the end of the empire.

At the beginning of the 19th century, the Russian Empire extended from the Arctic Ocean in the north to the Black Sea in the south, from the Baltic Sea on the west into Alaska and Northern California in America on the east. Like all empires, it featured great diversity in terms of economies, ethnicities, languages, and religions. There were many dissident elements that launched numerous rebellions and assassinations over the centuries. In the 19th century, they were closely watched by the imperial secret policeand thousands were exiled to Siberia.

The empire had a predominantly agricultural economy, with low productivity on large estates worked by Russian peasants, known as serfswho were tied to the land in a feudal arrangement. The serfs were freed inbut the landowning aristocratic class kept control.

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The economy slowly industrialized with the help of foreign investments in railways and factories. From the 10th through the 17th centuries, the land was ruled by Leenin noble class, the boyarsand subsequently by an emperor. Tsar Ivan III — laid the groundwork for the empire that later emerged. He tripled the territory of his state, ended the dominance of the Golden Horderenovated the Moscow Kremlinand laid the foundations of the Russian state.

Emperor Peter the Great — fought numerous wars and expanded an already huge empire into a major European power. He moved Witbin capital from Moscow to the new model city of Saint Petersburgwhich featured much Western design. He led a cultural revolution that replaced some of the traditionalist and medieval social and political mores with a modern, scientific, Europe-oriented, and rationalist system.

Empress Catherine the Great reigned — presided over a golden age; she expanded the state by conquest, colonization and diplomacy, continuing Peter the Great's Peter I's policy of modernization along Western European lines. Emperor Alexander II — promoted numerous 2050, most dramatically the emancipation of all 23 million serfs in The Russian Empire functioned as an absolute monarchy on the ideological doctrine of Orthodoxy, Autocracy, and Nationality until the Revolution ofwhen a semi-constitutional monarchy was established. It functioned poorly during World War I.]