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The Roman Republic And The Civil War - apologise, but

Their attempts to amass power as Populares were opposed by the Optimates within the Roman Senate , among them Cato the Younger with the frequent support of Cicero. During this time he both invaded Britain and built a bridge across the Rhine river. With the Gallic Wars concluded, the Senate ordered Caesar to step down from his military command and return to Rome. Leaving his command in Gaul would mean losing his immunity to criminal prosecution by his enemies; knowing this, Caesar openly defied the Senate's authority by crossing the Rubicon and marching towards Rome at the head of an army. After assuming control of government, Caesar began a program of social and governmental reforms, including the creation of the Julian calendar. He gave citizenship to many residents of far regions of the Roman Republic. He initiated land reform and support for veterans. He centralized the bureaucracy of the Republic and was eventually proclaimed "dictator for life" Latin: dictator perpetuo. His populist and authoritarian reforms angered the elites, who began to conspire against him. Caesar's great-nephew and adopted heir Octavian, later known as Augustus , rose to sole power after defeating his opponents in a civil war.

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The Roman Republic And The Civil War

The civil war in ancient Rome lasted from 49 to 45 BC and was one of the last major internal conflicts in the Roman Republic before the establishment of the empire. It began with the clashes between Guy Julius Caesar BChis political supporters populists and loyal legions against the optimas led by Gnaeus Pompey the Great. The victory was won by Caesar, which allowed him to receive the status of a lifelong dictator. Despite the fact that a year later he was killed, these events subsequently led to the fall of the republican system and the establishment of the monarchical power of Octavian Augustus, the adoptive son of Caesar. The brilliant results of the first Gallic expeditions greatly increased Civi, prestige of Caesar in Rome.

From the Regal Period to the Army of Julius Caesar

The Senate opposition against the triumvirate, however, did not doze. The Syrian Consulate of Crassus ended in his death. Pompey remained in Rome, where, after his consulate, complete anarchy began, perhaps not without the efforts of Julius Caesar. Anarchy Persepolis Vs reached such proportions that Pompey was chosen in 52 BC as a consul without a colleague. In the year 51 BC, the happy ending of the Gallic wars gave Caesar the opportunity to act again in Rome. He asked the Senate, seeking from them a Roma recognition of the privilege, the continuation of the proconsulate at least in the part of the province until January 1, 48 BC.

The Senate refused, and this raised the issue of appointing a here to Julius Caesar. The Roman Republic And The Civil War the further meeting outside the walls of the city, in the presence of Pompey and Cicero, Italy declared a martial law. The commander-in-chief was in fact, Pompey. The whole thing was now how Caesar would react to Reepublic. Ceaser had no other choice and had to move his army into Italy.

The war in Greece

Pompey began preparations for the evacuation of his supporters to Greece. Pompey counted on the support of the eastern provinces, where his influence was great. Rapid developments in the first phase of the war caught the population of Rome and Italy by surprise.

Many Italians supported Caesar, for they saw in him the continuer of the work of Guy Maria and hoped for his protection. Caesar had Wzr opportunity to pursue Pompey. Pompey breached the blockade and inflicted a severe defeat against Caesar. After this, Caesar could only remove the blockade and leave for a connection with his Thessaly army.

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The superiority of forces was on the side of Pompey, but the training and spirit are entirely on the side of the army of Julius Caesar. The battle June 6, 48 BCE ended in the complete defeat of Pompey; the army almost completely surrendered, Pompey fled to the nearest harbor, from there to Samos and, finally, to Egypt, where he was killed, at the order of the king. Caesar pursued him and appeared after his death in Egypt.

Caesar arrived in Egypt a few days after the murder of Pompey with only 4, soldiers. His stay in Egypt was delayed due to the unfavorable wind, and the dictator tried to seize the opportunity to solve his acute need for money.]