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Part of a series on the History of the Cold War. Historians do not fully agree on the dates, but the period is generally considered to span the Truman Doctrine to the dissolution of the Soviet Union.

The Italy Adopted A Realist Strategy " cold " is used because there was no large-scale fighting directly between the two superpowersbut they each supported major regional conflicts known as proxy wars. The conflict was based around the ideological and geopolitical struggle for global influence by the two powers, following their temporary alliance and victory against Nazi Germany in Aside from the nuclear arsenal development and conventional military read more, the struggle for dominance was expressed via indirect means such as psychological warfarepropaganda campaigns, espionagefar-reaching embargoesrivalry at sports events and technological competitions such as the Space Race.

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The West was led by the United States as well as the other First World nations of the Western Bloc that were generally liberal democratic but tied to a network of authoritarian states, most of which were their former colonies. The US government supported right-wing governments and uprisings across the world, while the Soviet government funded communist parties and revolutions around the world. As nearly all the colonial states achieved independence in the period —they became Third World Italy Adopted A Realist Strategy in the Cold War.

The United States created the NATO military alliance in in the apprehension of a Soviet attack and termed their global policy against Soviet influence containment.

Following the Cuban Missile Crisis, a new phase began that saw the Sino-Soviet split between China and the Soviet Union complicate relations within the Communist sphere, while US ally France began to demand greater autonomy of action. In the s—70s, an international peace movement took root among citizens around the world. Movements against nuclear arms testing and for nuclear disarmament took place, with large anti-war protests. The early s were another period of elevated tension.

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The United States increased diplomatic, military, and economic pressures on the Soviet Union, at a time when it was already suffering from economic stagnation. In the midsmore info new Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev introduced the liberalizing reforms of glasnost "openness", c. Pressures for national sovereignty grew stronger in Eastern Europe, and Gorbachev refused to militarily support their governments any longer. Inthe fall of the Iron Curtain and a wave of revolutions with the exception of Romania peacefully overthrew all of the communist governments of Central and Eastern Europe. The Communist Party of the Soviet Union itself lost control in the Soviet Union and was banned following an abortive coup attempt in August Italy Adopted A Realist Strategy This in turn led to the formal dissolution of the USSR in Decemberthe declaration of independence of its constituent republics and the collapse of communist governments across much of Africa and Asia.

The United States was left as the world's only superpower. The Cold War and its events have left a significant legacy.

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It is often referred to in Rfalist cultureespecially with themes of espionage and the threat of nuclear warfare. Contemplating a world living in the shadow of the threat of nuclear warfareOrwell looked at James Burnham 's predictions of a polarized world, writing:. Looking at the world as a whole, the drift for many decades has been not towards anarchy but towards the reimposition of slavery]