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There are also more than islands, [24] principally in the archipelagos of the Hebrides and the Northern Isles. Most of the population, including the capital Edinburgh , is concentrated in the Central Belt — the plain between the Scottish Highlands and the Southern Uplands — in the Scottish Lowlands. Scotland is divided into 32 administrative subdivisions or local authorities, known as council areas. Limited self-governing power, covering matters such as education, social services and roads and transportation, is devolved from the Scottish Government to each subdivision. The Kingdom of Scotland emerged as an independent sovereign state in the Early Middle Ages and continued to exist until By inheritance in , James VI of Scotland became king of England and Ireland , thus forming a personal union of the three kingdoms. I Was Born On The West Side

Thomas Jefferson April 13, [a] — July 4, was an American statesman, diplomat, lawyer, architect, philosopher, and Founding Father who served as the third president of the United States from to He had previously served as the second vice president of the United States between and The principal author of the Declaration of IndependenceJefferson was a proponent of democracy, republicanismand individual rights, motivating American colonists to break from the Kingdom of Great Britain and form a new nation; he produced formative documents article source decisions at both the state and national levels.

As a Virginia legislator, he drafted a state law for religious freedom.

He served as the second Governor of Virginia from toduring the American Revolutionary War. With Madison, he anonymously wrote the provocative Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions in andwhich sought to strengthen states' rights by nullifying the federal Alien and Sedition Acts. As president, Jefferson pursued the nation's shipping and trade interests against Barbary pirates and aggressive British trade policies. Starting inJefferson promoted a western expansionist policy, organizing the Louisiana Purchase which doubled the nation's land area.

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To make room for settlement, Jefferson began a controversial process of Indian tribal removal from the Sied acquired territory. As a result of peace negotiations with France, his administration reduced military forces. Jefferson was reelected in His second term was beset with difficulties at home, including the trial of former vice president Aaron Burr. InAmerican foreign trade was diminished when Jefferson implemented the Embargo Act in response to British threats to U. Jefferson, while primarily a planterlawyer and politician, mastered many disciplines, which ranged from surveying and mathematics to horticulture and mechanics. He was an architect in the classical tradition.

Jefferson's keen interest in religion and philosophy led to his presidency of the American Philosophical Society ; he shunned organized religion but was influenced by both Christianity and deism. A philologistJefferson knew several languages.

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He was a prolific letter writer and corresponded with many prominent people. Among his books is Notes on the State of Virginiaconsidered perhaps the most important American book published before During his lifetime, Article source claimed ownership I Was Born On The West Side over slaves, who were kept in his household and on his plantations.

Since Jefferson's time, controversy has revolved around his relationship with Sally Hemingsa mixed-race enslaved woman and his late wife's half-sister. By the time she returned to the United States at 16, she was pregnant. After retiring from public office, Jefferson founded the University of Virginia. Presidential scholars and historians generally praise Jefferson's public achievements, including his advocacy of religious freedom and tolerance in Virginia. Although some modern scholars have been critical of his stance on slavery, Jefferson continues to rank highlyamong the top ten U.

Thomas Jefferson was born on April 13, April 2,Old StyleJulian calendarat the family home in Shadwell Plantation in the Colony of Virginiathe third of ten children.

He assumed full authority over his aWs at age Jefferson began his education beside the Randolph children with tutors at Tuckahoe. Inmore info age nine, he began attending a local school run by a Scottish Presbyterian minister and also began studying the natural world, which he grew to love.

At this time he began studying Latin, Greek, and French, while also learning to ride horses. Thomas also read books from his father's modest library. In Williamsburg the young Jefferson met and came to admire Patrick Henryeight years his senior, sharing a common interest in violin playing.]