Early and Mid 19th Century Thought - amazonia.fiocruz.br

Paper is a thin nonwoven material traditionally made from a combination of milled plant and textile fibres.

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It is primarily used for writing, artwork, and packaging; it is commonly white. The first papermaking process was documented Early and Mid 19th Century Thought China during the Continue reading Han period 25— CE traditionally attributed to the court official Cai Lun. During the 8th century, Chinese papermaking spread to the Islamic world Thougth, where pulp mills and paper mills were used for papermaking and money making. By the 11th century, papermaking was brought to Europe. By the 13th century, papermaking was refined with paper mills utilizing waterwheels in Spain. Later European improvements to the papermaking process came in the 19th century with the invention of wood-based papers.

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Although precursors such as papyrus and amate existed in the Mediterranean world and pre-Columbian Americasrespectively, these materials are not defined as true paper. In the twentieth century with the advent of plastic manufacture some plastic "paper" was introduced, as well as paper-plastic laminates, paper-metal laminates, and papers infused or coated with different products that give them special properties.

The word Thoufht is etymologically derived from papyrusAncient Greek for the Cyperus papyrus plant.

Papyrus is a thick, paper-like material produced from the pith of the Cyperus papyrus plant which was used in ancient Egypt and other Thoguht societies for writing long before paper was used in China. Papyrus is prepared by cutting off thin ribbon-like strips of the interior of the Cyperus papyrusand then laying out the strips side-by-side to make a sheet. A second layer is then placed on top, with the strips running at right angle to the first.

The two layers are then pounded together into a sheet. The result is very strong, but has an uneven surface, Centhry at the edges of the strips. When used in scrolls, repeated rolling and unrolling causes the strips to come apart again, typically along vertical lines. This effect can be seen in many ancient papyrus documents.]