Current Mechanism And Concepts Of Pathogenesis Of - amazonia.fiocruz.br

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Psoriasis is a long-lasting, noncontagious [4] autoimmune disease characterized by raised areas of abnormal skin. The five main types of psoriasis are plaque, guttateinversepustularand erythrodermic. Psoriasis is generally thought to be a genetic disease that is triggered by environmental factors. No cure for psoriasis is known, but various treatments can help control the symptoms. These areas are called plaques and are most commonly found on the elbows, knees, scalp, and back. They include pustular, inverse, napkin, guttate, oral, and seborrheic-like forms. Pustular psoriasis appears as raised bumps filled with noninfectious pus pustules. Two types of localized pustular psoriasis include psoriasis pustulosa palmoplantaris and acrodermatitis continua of Hallopeau; both forms are localized to the hands and feet.

Inverse psoriasis also known as flexural psoriasis appears as smooth, inflamed patches of skin.

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The patches frequently affect skin foldsparticularly around the genitals between the thigh and grointhe armpitsin the skin folds of an overweight abdomen known as panniculusbetween the buttocks in the intergluteal cleft, and under the breasts in the inframammary fold. Heat, trauma, and infection are thought to play a role in the development of this atypical form of psoriasis. Napkin psoriasis is a subtype of psoriasis common in infants characterized by red papules with silver scale in the diaper area that may extend to the torso or limbs.

Guttate psoriasis is characterized by numerous small, scaly, red or pink, droplet-like lesions papules.

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These numerous spots of psoriasis appear over large areas of the body, primarily the trunk, but also the limbs and scalp. Guttate psoriasis is often triggered by a streptococcal infection, typically streptococcal pharyngitis. It can develop from any type of psoriasis. Psoriasis in the mouth is very rare, [23] in contrast to lichen planusanother common papulosquamous disorder that commonly involves both the skin and mouth. When psoriasis involves the Conceptts mucosa the lining of the mouthit may be asymptomatic, [23] but it may appear as white or grey-yellow plaques. The microscopic appearance of oral mucosa affected by geographic tongue migratory stomatitis is very similar to the appearance of psoriasis. Seborrheic-like psoriasis is a common form of psoriasis with clinical aspects of psoriasis and seborrheic dermatitisand it may be difficult to distinguish from the latter.

This form of psoriasis typically manifests as red plaques with greasy scales in areas of higher sebum production such as the scalpforeheadskin folds next to the noseskin surrounding the mouth, skin on the chest above the sternumand in Patgogenesis folds. Psoriatic arthritis is a form of chronic inflammatory arthritis that has a highly variable clinical presentation and frequently occurs in association with skin and nail psoriasis.

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This can result in a sausage-shaped swelling of the fingers and toes known as dactylitis. Psoriasis can affect the nails and produces a variety of changes in the appearance of finger and toe nails.

In addition to the appearance and distribution of the rash, specific medical signs may be used by medical practitioners to assist with diagnosis. These may include Auspitz's sign pinpoint bleeding when scale is removedKoebner phenomenon psoriatic skin lesions induced by trauma to the skin[19] and itching and pain localized to papules and plaques. Around one-third of people source psoriasis report a family history of the disease, and researchers have identified genetic loci associated with the condition.]