Benefit Of The Columbian Exchange - amazonia.fiocruz.br

The Columbian exchangealso known as the Columbian interchangenamed after Christopher Columbuswas the widespread transfer of plants, animals, culture, human populations, technology, diseases, and ideas between the Americasthe Old Worldand West Africa in the 15th and 16th centuries. It also relates to European colonization and trade following Christopher Columbus 's voyage. The changes in agriculture significantly altered global populations. The most significant immediate effects Benefit Of The Columbian Exchange the Columbian exchange were the cultural exchanges and the transfer of people both free and enslaved between continents. The new contacts among the global population resulted in the circulation of a wide variety of crops and livestockwhich supported increases in population in both hemispheres.

Initially new infectious diseases caused precipitous declines in the numbers of indigenous peoples of the Americas.

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Traders returned to Europe with maizepotatoesand tomatoeswhich became very important crops in Europe by the 18th century, and later in Asia. The term was first used in by American historian Alfred W. Crosby in his environmental history book The Columbian Exchange. In Alfred W. His primary focus was mapping the biological and cultural transfers that occurred between the Old and New Worlds.

He studied the effects of Columbus's voyages between the two — specifically, the global diffusion of crops, seeds, and plants from the New World to the Old, which https://amazonia.fiocruz.br/scdp/essay/calculus-on-manifolds-amazon/what-is-the-character-of-piggy-in.php transformed agriculture in both regions. His research made a lasting contribution to the way scholars understand the variety of contemporary ecosystems that arose due to these transfers.

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The term has become popular among historians and journalists and has since been enhanced with Crosby's later book in 3 editions, Ecological Imperialism: The Biological Expansion of Europe, — Charles C. Mannin his book further expands and updates Crosby's original research. Because of the new trading resulting from the Columbian exchange, several plants native to the Americas have spread around the world, including potatoesmaizetomatoesand tobacco.

Od the 19th century, they were cultivated and consumed widely in Europe and had become important crops in both India and North America. Maize and cassavaintroduced by the Portuguese from South America in the 16th century, [8] gradually replaced sorghum and millet as Africa's most important food crops. Tomatoes, which came to Europe from the Benefit Of The Columbian Exchange World via Spainwere initially prized in Italy mainly for their ornamental value. But starting in the Benrfit century, tomato sauces became typical of Neapolitan cuisine and, ultimately, Italian cuisine in general. Introduced to India by the Portuguese, chili and potatoes from South America have become an integral part of their cuisine. Rice was another crop that became widely cultivated during the Columbian exchange.

As the demand in the New World grew, so did the knowledge of how to cultivate it. The two primary species used were Oryza glaberrima and Oryza sativaoriginating from West Africa and Southeast Asia, respectively. Slaveholders in the New World relied upon the skills of enslaved Africans to cultivate both species. Enslaved Africans brought their knowledge of water control, milling, winnowing, and other general agrarian practices to the fields.

This widespread knowledge amongst enslaved Africans eventually led to rice becoming a staple dietary item Thd the New World. Citrus fruits and grapes were brought to the Americas from the Mediterranean. At first planters struggled to adapt these crops to the climates in the New World, but by the late 19th century they were cultivated more consistently. Bananas were introduced into the Americas in the 16th century by Portuguese sailors who came across the fruits in West Africa, while engaged in commercial ventures and the slave trade.]