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Matthew Shupler received funding from the University of British Columbia where he also completed this research while a PhD candidate. You might think air pollution can be avoided indoors.

But worldwide, more than 3 billion people are exposed to it within their own homes through cooking, heating and lighting with traditional fuels. These are fuels that can be gathered locally and burned on an open fire, such as wood, charcoal, coal, animal dung and the wheat straw and corn cobs that make up farm waste.

Industtry dark particles absorb UV radiation from the sun and warm the atmosphere, contributing to climate change.

Black carbon is just one component of PM2. Once inhaled, these tiny particles can affect the heart and lungs, exacerbating asthma symptoms and contributing to heart attacks, strokes, pneumonia and lung cancer. The World Health Organization WHO has created guidelines that identify when indoor air is no longer safe to breathe, and one target recommends limiting concentrations of these fine particles to 35 micrograms per cubic metre. With people using so many different types of fuels for cooking at home, is everyone equally at risk? These were in eight different countries — Bangladesh, Chile, China, Colombia, India, Pakistan, Tanzania and Zimbabwe — where Air Pollution Of The Airline Industry And air pollution from cooking is still a major public health concern. Meanwhile, households using gas and electric stoves had PM2.

Since gas and electric stoves emit little to no PM2. People cooking with gas in Chile and Colombia had less than half of the PM2. The participants in our study who lived in China and India and travelled to work were also exposed to higher PM2. This suggests that outdoor sources are a large contributor to the air pollution people breathe in these rapidly developing countries, even within homes. This is especially true in India and China, which have some of the highest outdoor pollution levels in the world.

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They also include local rubbish burning and agricultural fireswhich help clear weeds and waste from fields before farmers grow new crops. Air pollution from households cooking with wood and other biomass fuels in the same community can also infiltrate neighbouring homes that might be using gas and electric stoves. National governments should help entire source switch to gas or electricity for cooking, to reduce the exposure of all to indoor air pollution.]