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Medicine is the art , [2] science , [3] and practice [4] of caring for a patient and managing the diagnosis , prognosis , prevention , treatment or palliation of their injury or disease. Medicine encompasses a variety of health care practices evolved to maintain and restore health by the prevention and treatment of illness. Contemporary medicine applies biomedical sciences , biomedical research , genetics , and medical technology to diagnose , treat, and prevent injury and disease, typically through pharmaceuticals or surgery , but also through therapies as diverse as psychotherapy , external splints and traction , medical devices , biologics , and ionizing radiation , amongst others. Medicine has been practiced since prehistoric times , during most of which it was an art an area of skill and knowledge frequently having connections to the religious and philosophical beliefs of local culture. For example, a medicine man would apply herbs and say prayers for healing, or an ancient philosopher and physician would apply bloodletting according to the theories of humorism. In recent centuries, since the advent of modern science , most medicine has become a combination of art and science both basic and applied , under the umbrella of medical science. While stitching technique for sutures is an art learned through practice, the knowledge of what happens at the cellular and molecular level in the tissues being stitched arises through science. Prescientific forms of medicine are now known as traditional medicine and folk medicine. A Brief Note On Internal Medicine And

A Brief Note On Internal Medicine And Video

Although it is environmentally friendly, blue light can affect your sleep and Medkcine cause disease. Until the advent of artificial lighting, the sun was the major source of lighting, and people spent their evenings in relative darkness. Now, in much of the world, evenings are illuminated, and we take our easy access to all those lumens pretty much for granted. But we may be paying a price for basking in all that light. At night, light throws the body's biological clock—the circadian rhythm —out of whack.

Sleep suffers. Worse, research shows that it may contribute to the causation of cancer, diabetes, heart disease, and obesity. Not all colors of light have the same effect. Blue wavelengths—which are beneficial during daylight hours because they boost attention, reaction times, and mood—seem to be the most disruptive at night.

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And the proliferation of electronics with screens, as well as energy-efficient Notd, is increasing our exposure to blue wavelengths, especially after sundown. Everyone has slightly different circadian rhythms, but the average length is 24 and one-quarter hours. The circadian rhythm of people who stay up late is slightly longer, while the Bgief of earlier birds fall short of 24 hours. Charles Czeisler of Harvard Medical School showed, inthat daylight keeps a person's internal clock aligned with the environment. Some studies suggest a link between exposure to light at night, such as working the A Brief Note On Internal Medicine And shift, to diabetes, heart disease, and obesity. That's not proof that nighttime light exposure causes these conditions; nor is it clear why it could be bad for us. A Harvard study shed a little bit of light on the possible connection to diabetes and possibly obesity.

The researchers A Brief Note On Internal Medicine And 10 people on a schedule that gradually shifted the timing of their circadian rhythms. Their blood sugar levels increased, throwing them into a prediabetic state, and levels of leptin, a hormone that leaves people feeling full after a Intefnal, went down. Exposure to light suppresses the secretion of melatonin, a hormone that influences circadian rhythms. Even dim light can interfere with a person's circadian rhythm and melatonin secretion. A mere eight lux—a level of brightness exceeded by most table lamps and about twice that of a night light—has an effect, notes Stephen Lockley, a Harvard sleep researcher.

Light at night is part of the reason so many people don't get enough sleepsays Lockley, and researchers have linked short sleep to increased risk for depression, as well as diabetes and cardiovascular problems. While light of any kind can suppress the secretion of melatonin, blue light at night does so more powerfully. Harvard researchers and read more colleagues conducted an experiment comparing the effects of 6.

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The blue light suppressed melatonin for about twice as long as the green light and shifted circadian rhythms by twice as much 3 hours vs. In another study of blue light, researchers at the University of Toronto compared the melatonin levels of people exposed to bright indoor light who were wearing blue-light—blocking goggles to people exposed to regular dim light without wearing goggles.

The fact Medicinr the levels of the hormone were about the same in the two groups strengthens the hypothesis that blue light is a potent suppressor of melatonin. It also suggests that shift workers and night owls could perhaps protect themselves if they wore eyewear that blocks blue light.

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Inexpensive sunglasses with orange-tinted lenses block blue light, but they also block other colors, so they're not suitable for use indoors at night. If blue light does have adverse health effects, then environmental concerns, and the quest for energy-efficient lighting, could be at odds with personal health.

Those curlicue compact fluorescent lightbulbs and LED lights are much more energy-efficient than the old-fashioned incandescent lightbulbs we grew up with. But they also tend to produce more blue light.

The physics of fluorescent lights can't be changed, but coatings inside the bulbs can be so they produce a warmer, less blue light. LED lights are more efficient than fluorescent lights, but they Inyernal produce a fair amount of light in the blue spectrum.

Richard Hansler, a light researcher at John Carroll University in Cleveland, notes that ordinary incandescent lights also produce some blue light, although less than most fluorescent lightbulbs. Disclaimer: As a service to our readers, Harvard Health Publishing provides access to our library here archived content.]