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An atmosphere is more likely to be retained if the gravity it Exisst subject to is high and the temperature of the atmosphere is low. The atmosphere helps to protect living organisms from genetic damage by solar ultraviolet radiationsolar wind and cosmic rays. The current composition of the Earth's atmosphere is the product of billions of years of biochemical modification of the paleoatmosphere by living organisms.

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The term stellar atmosphere describes the outer region of a star and typically includes the portion above the opaque photosphere. Stars with sufficiently low Theer may have outer atmospheres with compound molecules. Atmospheric pressure at a particular location is the force per unit area perpendicular to a surface determined by the weight of the vertical column of atmosphere above that location.

On Earth, units of air pressure are based on the internationally recognized standard atmosphere atmwhich is defined as It is measured with a barometer. Atmospheric pressure decreases with increasing altitude due to the diminishing mass of gas above.

The height at which the pressure from an atmosphere declines by a factor of e an irrational number with a value of 2. For an atmosphere with a uniform temperature, the scale height is proportional to the temperature and inversely proportional to the product of the mean molecular mass of dry air and the local acceleration of gravity at that location.

For such a model atmosphere, the pressure declines exponentially with increasing altitude. However, atmospheres are not uniform in temperature, so estimation of the atmospheric pressure at any particular altitude is more complex.

Surface gravity differs significantly among the planets. For example, the large gravitational force of the giant planet Jupiter retains light gases such as hydrogen and helium that escape from objects with lower gravity.

Secondly, the distance from the Sun determines the energy available to heat atmospheric gas to the point where some fraction of its molecules' thermal motion exceed the planet's escape velocityallowing those to escape a planet's gravitational grasp. Thus, distant and cold TitanTritonand Pluto are able to retain their atmospheres despite their relatively low gravities.]