Sleep is a rest period that alternates with vigilance. You have internal body clocks that control when you are awake and when your body is ready to sleep. These clocks have cycles of approximately 24 hours. The clocks are regulated by multiple factors, including light, dark and sleep schedules. Once you sleep, you go through the sleep phases during the night in a predictable pattern. Sleep is important because it affects many of your body systems. Not getting enough or enough good quality sleep puts you more at risk for heart and respiratory problems and affects your metabolism WWay your ability to think clearly and focus on tasks.
Many factors come into play in preparing your body to fall asleep and wake up. Your body has several internal clocks called circadian clocks.
Why sleep is important
These usually follow a hour repeating rhythm called the circadian rhythm. This rhythm affects every cell, tissue Wxy organ in your body and how they work. Read more in our health topic Circadian Arrhythmias. Your central circadian clock, located in your brain, tells you when it is time to sleep.
Other circadian clocks reside in organs throughout your body.
Sleep stages and stages
Your body's internal clocks are in sync with certain environmental signals. Light, darkness, and other signals help determine when you feel awake and sleepy. Artificial lighting and caffeine can interfere with this process by sending your body false signals of vigilance.
Your body has a biological need for sleep that increases after you have been awake for a long time. This is controlled by homeostasis, the process by which your body keeps your systems, such as your internal body temperature, stable. A compound called adenosine has been linked to this need for sleep. While you are awake, the adenosine levels in your brain continue to rise. The rising levels indicate a shift towards sleep. Caffeine and certain drugs can interrupt this process by blocking adenosine. If you follow a natural schedule of days and nights, light signals received through your eyes tell your brain that it is daytime. This helps your central body clock to stay in tune with the day and night. Sleep Is The Body s Way Of to artificial light disrupts this process.
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The light-dark cycle affects when your brain makes and releases the hormone melatonin. Melatonin travels to cells in your body through your bloodstream. The amount of melatonin in your bloodstream starts to increase in the evening and peaks in the early morning.
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Melatonin is thought to promote sleep. As you are exposed to more light, such as the rising sun, your body releases another hormone called cortisol. Cortisol naturally prepares your body for awakening. Exposure to bright artificial light in the late evening can disrupt this process and prevent your brain from releasing melatonin. This can make it more difficult to fall asleep. Examples source bright artificial light are the light from a TV screen, a smartphone or a very bright alarm clock. Some people use physical filters or software to filter out some of the blue light from these Bdoy
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