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This entry discusses philosophical idealism as a movement chiefly in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, although anticipated by certain aspects of seventeenth century philosophy and continuing into the twentieth century. It revises the standard distinction between epistemological idealism, the view that the contents of human knowledge are ineluctably determined by the structure of human thought, and ontological idealism, the view that epistemological idealism delivers truth because reality itself is a form of thought and human thought participates in it, in favor of a distinction earlier suggested by A. Ewing, between epistemological and metaphysical arguments for idealism as itself a metaphysical position. After discussing precursors, the entry focuses on the eighteenth-century versions of idealism due to Berkeley, Hume, and Kant, the nineteenth-century movements of German idealism and subsequently British and American idealism, and then concludes with an examination of the attack upon idealism by Moore and Russell and the late defense of idealism by Brand Blanshard. With the possible exception of the introduction Section 1 , each of the sections below can be read independently and readers are welcome to focus on the section s of most interest. However, independently of context one can distinguish between a descriptive or classificatory use of these terms and a polemical one, although sometimes these different uses occur together. Within these idealisms one can find further distinctions, such as those between subjective, objective and absolute idealism, and even more obscure characterizations such as speculative idealism and transcendental idealism. Thus, an idealist is someone who is not a realist, not a materialist, not a dogmatist, not an empiricist, and so on. Within modern philosophy there are sometimes taken to be two fundamental conceptions of idealism:.

Comparing the Views of Plato Descartes and Video

The Meaning of Knowledge: Crash Course Philosophy #7

For many readers, the perspectives of Plato and Thucydides are fundamentally incompatible. If we agree with these assessments, we find two authors speaking such different languages that prospects for dialogue between them seem impossible.

Gerald Mara

I want to challenge that conclusion by suggesting that we can read Thucydides and Plato more dialogically. I try to show how each author opens possibilities for dialogic engagement with his own text and then indicate areas of plausible exchange between them.

This Comparing the Views of Plato Descartes and reading avoids the binary frames of reference of abstract and illusory peace or ongoing and inescapable war, drawing attention to experiences in need of continued intellectual negotiation and opening spaces for practical improvement. Beyond expanding our understanding of these authors, such mutual readings help us to click to see more their contributions to conversational political theory. Keywords: PlatoThucydidespolitical theorywarpeacechoicenecessity. Access to the complete content on Oxford Handbooks Online requires a subscription or purchase. Public users are able to search the Desvartes and view the abstracts and keywords for each book and chapter without a subscription.

Please subscribe or login to access full text content. If you have purchased a print title that contains an Plsto token, please see the token for information about how to register your code. For questions on access or troubleshooting, please check our FAQsand if you can''t find the answer there, please contact us. All Rights Reserved. Under the terms of the licence agreement, an individual user may print out a PDF of a single chapter of a title in Oxford Handbooks Online for personal use for details see Privacy Policy and Legal Notice. Oxford Handbooks Online.

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1. Introduction

Don't have an account? Sign in via your Institution. You could not be signed in, please check and try again. Sign in with your library card Please enter your library card number. Search within Abstract and Keywords For many readers, the perspectives of Plato and Thucydides are fundamentally incompatible. Gerald Mara Click University.

Introduction Was Decsartes a Political Philosopher? All rights reserved.

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