Women s Role During The Nineteenth Century - amazonia.fiocruz.br

Women s Role During The Nineteenth Century Video

The presence of women in medicineparticularly in the practicing fields of surgery and as physicianshas been traced to earliest human history. Women have historically had lower participation levels in medical fields compared to men with occupancy rates varying by race, socioeconomic status, and geography.

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Women's informal practice of medicine in roles such as caregivers, or as allied health professionalshas been widespread. Since the start of Nineteeenth 20th century, most countries of the world provide women with equal access to medical education. Not all countries ensure equal employment opportunities, [1] and gender equality has yet to be achieved within medical specialties and around the world, [2] studies suggesting that female doctors may be providing higher-quality care than male doctors.

The involvement of women in the field of medicine has been recorded in several early civilizations.

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An Egyptian of the Early Dynastic Period or Old Kingdom of EgyptMerit-Ptahdescribed in an inscription as "chief physician", is the earliest woman named in the history of science. Agnodice was the first female physician to practice legally in 4th century BC Athens.

Metrodora was a physician and generally regarded as the first medical writer. During the Middle Agesconvents were a centralized place of education for women, and some of these communities provided opportunities for women to contribute to scholarly research.

An example is the German abbess Hildegard of Bingenwhose prolific writings include treatments of various scientific subjects, including medicinebotany and natural history c. Women in the Middle Ages participated in healing techniques and capacities.

Women occupied select ranks of medical personnel during the period. Women also engaged in midwifery and healing arts without having their activities recorded in written records, and practiced in rural areas or where there was little access to Women s Role During The Nineteenth Century care. Society in the Middle Ages limited women's role as physician. Once universities established faculties of medicine during the thirteenth century, women were excluded from advanced medical education.

In many occasions, women had to fight against accusation of illegal practice done by males, putting into question their motives. If they were not accused of malpracticethen women were considered "witches" by both clerical and civil authorities. Like other guilds, Cenutry number of the barber-surgeon guilds allowed the daughters and wives of their members to take up membership in the guild, generally after the man's death.

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Katherine la surgiene of London, daughter of Thomas the surgeon and sister of William the Surgeon belonged to a guild in Midwives, those who assisted pregnant women through childbirth and some aftercare, included only women. Midwives constituted roughly one third of female medical practitioners. In Salerno the physician Trota of Salerno compiled a number of her medical practices in several written collections.]