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Creativity is a phenomenon whereby something somehow new and somehow valuable is formed. The created item may be intangible such as an ideaa scientific theorya musical compositionor a joke or a physical object such as an inventiona printed literary workor a painting.

Scholarly interest in creativity is found in a number of disciplines, primarily psychologybusiness studiesand cognitive sciencebut also educationthe humanitiestechnologyengineeringWith Every Solution A New Problem Arises particularly philosophy of sciencetheologysociologylinguisticsthe artseconomicsand mathematicscovering the relations With Every Solution A New Problem Arises creativity and general intelligencepersonality type, mental and neural processes, mental healthor artificial intelligence ; the potential for fostering creativity through education and training; the fostering of creativity for national economic benefit, and the application of creative resources to improve the effectiveness of teaching and learning.

The English word creativity comes from the Latin term creare, "to create, make": its derivational suffixes also come from Latin. The word "create" appeared in English as early as the 14th century, notably in Chaucer, to indicate divine creation [1] in The Parson's Tale [2]. However, its modern meaning as an act of human creation did not emerge until after the Enlightenment. In a summary of scientific research into creativity, Michael Mumford suggested: "Over the course of the last decade, however, we seem to have reached a general agreement that creativity involves the production of novel, useful products" Mumford,p. Paul Torrance described it as "a process of becoming sensitive to problems, deficiencies, gaps in knowledge, missing elements, disharmonies, and so click the following article identifying the difficulty; searching for solutions, making guesses, or formulating hypotheses about the deficiencies: testing and retesting these hypotheses and possibly modifying and retesting them; and finally communicating the results.

Creativity in general is usually distinguished from innovation in particular, where the stress is on implementation. For example, Teresa Amabile and Pratt defines creativity as production of novel and useful ideas and innovation as implementation of creative ideas, [7] while the OECD and Eurostat state that "Innovation is more than a new idea or an invention. An innovation requires implementation, either by being put into active use or by being made available for use by other parties, firms, individuals or organisations. There is also an emotional creativity [9] which is described as a pattern of cognitive abilities and personality traits related to originality and appropriateness in emotional experience.

Theories of creativity particularly investigation of why some people are more creative than others have focused on a variety of aspects.

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The dominant factors are usually identified as "the four Ps" — process, product, person, and place according to Mel Rhodes. Theories invoking divergent rather Arisds convergent thinking such as Guilfordor those describing the staging of the creative process such as Wallas are primarily theories of creative process.

Woth focus on creative product usually appears in attempts to measure creativity psychometrics, see below and in creative ideas framed as successful memes. A focus on place considers the circumstances in which creativity flourishes, such as degrees of autonomy, access to resources, and the nature of gatekeepers. Creative lifestyles Problfm characterized by nonconforming attitudes and behaviors as well as flexibility. Most ancient cultures, including thinkers of Ancient Greece[14] Ancient Chinaand Ancient India[15] lacked the concept of creativity, seeing art as a form of discovery and not creation. Here ancient Greeks had no terms corresponding to "to create" or "creator" except for the expression " poiein " "to make"which only applied to With Every Solution A New Problem Arises poetry and to the poietes poet, or "maker" who made it.

Plato did not believe in art as a form of creation. Asked in The Republic[16] "Will we say, of a painter, that he makes something? It is commonly argued that the notion of "creativity" originated in Western cultures through Christianityas a matter of divine inspiration.

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Boorstin"the early Western conception of creativity was the Biblical story of creation given in the Genesis. In the Judaeo-Christian tradition, creativity was the sole province of God; humans were not considered to have the ability to create something new except as an expression of God's work. However, none of these views are similar to the modern concept of creativity, and the individual was not seen as the cause of creation until the Renaissance. The rejection of creativity in favor of discovery and the belief that individual creation was a conduit of the divine would dominate the West probably until the Renaissance and even later. This could be attributed to the leading intellectual movement of the time, aptly named humanismwhich developed an intensely human-centric outlook on the world, valuing the intellect and achievement of the individual. However, this shift was gradual and would not become immediately apparent until the Enlightenment. As a direct and independent With Every Solution A New Problem Arises of study, creativity effectively received no attention until the 19th century.

In particular, they refer to the work of Francis Galtonwho through his eugenicist outlook took a keen interest in the heritability of intelligence, with creativity taken as an aspect of genius. In his work Art of Thoughtpublished inWallas presented one of the first models of the creative process.

In the Wallas stage model, creative insights and illuminations may be explained by a process consisting of 5 stages:. Wallas considered creativity to be a legacy of the evolutionary process, which allowed humans to quickly adapt to rapidly changing environments.]