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George HW Bush and the End of the Cold War: Crash Course US History #44

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All rights reserved. Members of the first South Carolina legislature after United States And The Post Cold War Civil War. Approximately 2, Black men were elected to office during the post-war Reconstruction period, which briefly provided political and social power to formerly enslaved people before a backlash ushered in an era of segregation. On April 11,U. President Abraham Lincoln spoke to an ecstatic crowd at the White House. Instead, he made a case for stitching the country back together after the Civil War by restoring rebel states to the Union and undoing the evils of slavery. The ensuing period of reform and rebuilding, known as Reconstruction, briefly succeeded in providing Black people with political and social power. But it was marred by tragedy, political infighting, and a disastrous backlash that set the stage for more than a century of segregation and voter suppression. Lincoln wanted to make it easy for them to return, fearing that too harsh a plan would make reunification impossible.

Those who took the oath would be pardoned, and states that cleared the bar could draft new constitutions and convene state governments.

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President Abraham Lincoln signs the Emancipation Proclamation indeclaring that all enslaved people within the rebel states would be freed. It would take another two years to abolish slavery throughout the nation with Statex passage of the 13th Amendment. Former Confederates would be stripped of their right to vote, while formerly enslaved Black men would gain it. However, Lincoln thought the plan was too punitive and refused to sign it. As Confederate defeat became inevitable, Union leaders turned their attention to the future prosperity of enslaved people. In JanuaryGeneral William Tecumseh Sherman issued an order to seize land from slaveholders in United States And The Post Cold War Georgia and South Carolina and divide it among freedmen.

Congress also set out to enshrine emancipation in the Constitution by passing the 13th Amendment on January 31,abolishing slavery. Lincoln made it clear that in order to rejoin the Union, Colc states would have to agree to ratify the amendment. Tragedy reshaped the trajectory of Reconstruction—and ultimately undermined its promise. On April 15, —just days after his final speech—Lincoln was assassinated and his vice president, Andrew Johnson, became president.

He made no attempt to integrate Black people into southern institutions. Johnson allowed former Confederate states to create all-white governments. When Congress reconvened in Decemberits new members included many high-ranking Confederates, including former Vice President of the Confederacy Alexander Hamilton Stephens. Although Congress refused to admit them, Johnson had made his sympathies clear.

William Andrew Johnson—pictured here Uniited a here to Washington, D. Although Johnson freed the people he had enslaved before taking office, he remained sympathetic to former slave states after the Civil War. His leniency would have disastrous consequences for Black people in the South, where former Confederates quickly established a slavery-like system to ensure white dominance and exploit Black labor. All white people could legally enforce the codes.

The codes prompted other former Confederate states to enact copycat laws. In order to reestablish ties to the Union, rebel states had to let Congress review their constitutions, extend voting rights to all men, and ratify the 13 th and 14 th Amendments. Although citizenship technically guaranteed Black men the right to vote, most were kept from southern polls through violence and click. What changed? Men who had once been enslaved now constituted a political majority throughout much of the South—and most were fervent Republicans. Hundreds of thousands of Black men registered to vote, and between andabout 2, served were elected to public office.

Raineya formerly enslaved man who in became the first Black U. Senator in ]