The Effects Of Urbanization Industrialization And Immigration - turns
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Industry pulled ever more Americans into cities. Manufacturing needed the labor click and the infrastructure. Soon the United States had more large cities than any country in the world. The U. Much of that urban growth came from the millions of immigrants pouring into the nation. Between andover twenty-five million immigrants arrived in the United States.
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By the turn of the twentieth century, new immigrant groups such as Italians, Poles, and Eastern European Jews made up a larger percentage of arrivals than the Irish and Germans. The specific reasons that immigrants left their The Effects Of Urbanization Industrialization And Immigration countries and the reasons they came to the United States what historians call push and pull factors varied. For example, a young husband The Effects Of Urbanization Industrialization And Immigration wife living in Sweden in the s and unable to purchase farmland might read an advertisement for inexpensive land in the American Midwest and immigrate to the United States to begin a new life. A young Italian man might simply hope to labor in a steel factory long enough to save up enough money to return home and purchase land for a family. A Russian Jewish family persecuted in European pogroms might look to the United States as a sanctuary.
Or perhaps a Japanese migrant might hear of fertile farming land on the West Coast and choose to sail for California. But if many factors pushed people away from their home countries, by far the most important factor drawing immigrants was economics. Immigrants came to the United States looking for work. Industrial capitalism was the most important factor that drew immigrants to the United States between and Immigrant workers labored in large industrial complexes producing goods such as steel, textiles, and food products, replacing smaller and more local workshops. The influx of immigrants, alongside a large movement of Americans from the countryside to the article source, helped propel the rapid growth of cities like New York, Pittsburgh, Cleveland, Milwaukee, and St. Byimmigrants and their children accounted for roughly 60 percent of the population in most large northern cities and sometimes as high as 80 or 90 percent.
Many immigrants, especially from Italy and the Balkans, always intended to return home with enough money to purchase land.
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But what about those who stayed? Did the new arrivals assimilate together in the American melting pot—becoming just like those already in the United States—or did they retain, and sometimes even strengthen, their traditional ethnic identities? The answer lies somewhere in between.
Immigrants from specific countries—and often even specific communities—often clustered together in ethnic neighborhoods. Immigrant communities published newspapers in dozens of languages and purchased spaces to maintain their arts, languages, and traditions alive. And from these foundations they facilitated even more immigration: after staking out a claim to some corner of American life, they wrote home and encouraged others to follow them historians call this Industrializatiob migration.
The infamous urban political machines often operated as a kind of mutual aid society. Injournalist William Riordon published a book, Plunkitt of Tammany Hallwhich chronicled the activities of ward heeler George Washington Plunkitt.
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On a typical day, Riordon wrote, Plunkitt was awakened at two a. He returned home at midnight. Still, machine politics could never be enough. As the urban population exploded, many immigrants found themselves trapped in crowded, crime-ridden slums.
Americans eventually took notice of this urban crisis and proposed municipal reforms but also grew concerned about the declining quality of life in rural areas. While cities boomed, rural worlds languished.]
Excuse, that I interrupt you, but, in my opinion, this theme is not so actual.