Teaching Critical Thinking Skills Through Different Strategies Video
Teaching strategies to promote critical thinking Teaching Critical Thinking Skills Through Different Strategies
The Socratic method also known as method of Elenchuselenctic methodor Socratic debate is a form of cooperative argumentative dialogue between individuals, based on asking and answering questions to stimulate critical thinking and to draw out ideas and underlying presuppositions. It is named after the Classical Greek philosopher Socrates and is introduced by him in Plato 's Theaetetus as midwifery maieutics because it is employed to bring out definitions implicit in the interlocutors' beliefs, or to help them further their understanding. The Socratic method is a method of hypothesis elimination, in that better hypotheses are found by steadily identifying and eliminating those that lead to contradictions.
The Socratic method https://amazonia.fiocruz.br/scdp/essay/is-lafayette-a-hidden-ivy/pierre-trudeau-s-actions-and-decisions.php for general, commonly held truths that shape beliefs and scrutinizes them to determine their consistency with other beliefs. The basic form is a series of questions formulated as tests of logic and fact intended to help a person or group discover their beliefs about some topic; exploring definitions, and seeking to characterize general characteristics shared by various Thinkjng instances. In the second half of the 5th century BC, sophists were teachers who specialized in using the tools of philosophy and rhetoric to entertain, impress, or persuade an audience to accept the speaker's point of view.
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Socrates promoted an alternative method of teaching, which came to be called the Socratic method. Socrates began to engage in such discussions with his fellow Athenians after his friend from youth, Chaerephonvisited the Oracle of Delphiwhich asserted that no man in Greece was wiser than Socrates. Socrates saw this as a paradoxand began using the Socratic method to answer his conundrum.
Plato famously click the Socratic elenctic style in prose—presenting Socrates as the curious questioner of some prominent Athenian interlocutor—in some of his early dialoguessuch as Euthyphro and Ionand the method is most commonly found within the so-called " Socratic dialogues ", which generally portray Socrates engaging in the method and questioning his fellow citizens about moral and epistemological issues. But in his later dialoguessuch as Theaetetus or Sophist Teaching Critical Thinking Skills Through Different Strategies, Plato had a different method to philosophical discussions, namely dialectic.
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The Latin form elenchus plural elenchi is used in English as the technical philosophical term. In Plato's early dialogues, the elenchus is the technique Socrates uses to investigate, for example, the nature or definition of ethical concepts such as justice or virtue.
According to Vlastos, [5] it has the following steps:. One elenctic examination can https://amazonia.fiocruz.br/scdp/essay/media-request-css/introduction-of-neuraxial-labor-analgesia.php to a new, more refined, examination of the concept being considered, in this case it invites an examination of the claim: "Courage Diffedent wise endurance of the soul".
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Most Socratic inquiries consist of a series of elenchi and typically end in puzzlement known as aporia. Frede [6] points out Vlastos' conclusion in step 5 above makes nonsense of the aporetic nature of the early dialogues. Having shown a proposed thesis is false is insufficient to conclude some other competing thesis must be true. Rather, the Dufferent have reached aporiaan improved state of still not knowing what to say about the subject under discussion.
The exact nature of the elenchus is subject to a great deal of debate, in particular concerning whether it is a positive method, leading to knowledge, or a negative method used solely to refute false claims to knowledge. Guthrie in The Greek Philosophers sees it as an error to regard the Socratic method as a means by which one seeks the answer to a problem, or knowledge. Guthrie claims that the Socratic method actually aims to demonstrate one's ignorance.
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Socrates, unlike the Sophistsdid believe Skillz knowledge was possible, but believed that the first step to knowledge was recognition of one's ignorance. Guthrie writes, "[Socrates] was accustomed to say that he did not himself know anything, and that the only way in which he was wiser than other men was that he was conscious of his own ignorance, while they were not.
The essence of the Socratic method is to convince the interlocutor that whereas he thought he knew something, in fact he does not. Socrates generally applied his method of examination to concepts that seem to lack any concrete definition; e. Such an examination challenged the implicit moral beliefs of the interlocutors, bringing out inadequacies and inconsistencies in their beliefs, and usually resulting in aporia. In view of such inadequacies, Socrates himself professed Teaching Critical Thinking Skills Through Different Strategies ignorance, but others still claimed to have continue reading
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