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Infant mortality is the death of young children under the age of 1. Inthe leading cause of infant mortality in the United States was birth defects. In8.

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The child mortality rate, but not the infant mortality rate, was an indicator used to monitor progress towards the Fourth Goal of the Millennium Development Goals of more info United Nations for the year A reduction of the child mortality is now a target in the Sustainable Development Goals --Goal Number 3: Ensure healthy lives and promote well-being for all at all ages. Infant mortality rate IMR is the number of deaths per 1, live births of children under one year of age. The rate for a given region is the number of children dying How Technology Effects Children one year of age, divided by the number of live births during the year, multiplied by 1, Causes of infant mortality directly lead to the death.

In the United States, a primary determinant of infant mortality risk is infant birth weight with lower birth weights increasing the risk of infant mortality.

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How Technology Effects Children determinants of low birth weight include socio-economic, psychological, behavioral and environmental factors. Causes of infant mortality and deaths that are related to medical conditions include: low birth weight, sudden infant death syndromemalnutrition, congenital malformations, and infectious diseases, low income for health care including neglected tropical diseases. The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends that infants need multiple doses of vaccines such as diphtheria-tetanus-acellular pertussis vaccineHaemophilus influenzae type b Hib vaccineHepatitis B HepB vaccineinactivated polio vaccine IPVand pneumococcal vaccine PCV.

Premature, or preterm birth PTB is defined as birth before 37 weeks of gestation and can be further sub-classified as extremely PTB occurring at less than 28 weeks gestationvery preterm birth occurring between 28 and 32 weeks gestationand moderate to late PTB occurring from 32 through 36 weeks gestation.

Lower gestational age increases the risk of infant mortality. Over the last decade, prematurity has been the leading cause of worldwide mortality for neonates and children under the age of five.

The overall PTB mortality rate in was Premature birth can be either spontaneous, or medically induced. The risk of spontaneous PTB increases with "extremes of maternal age both young and oldshort interpregnancy interval, multiple gestation, assisted reproductive technology, prior PTB, family history, substance abuse, cigarette use, low maternal socioeconomic status, late or no prenatal care, low maternal prepregnancy weight, bacterial vaginosis, periodontal disease, and poor pregnancy How Technology Effects Children gain.

The most common attributing factors for medically induced PTB include preeclampsia, diabetes, maternal medical conditions, and fetal distress, or developmental problems. Understanding the biological causes and predictors is important for identifying and preventing premature birth and infant mortality.

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While the exact mechanisms responsible for inducing premature birth are often unknown, many of the underlying risk factors are associated with inflammation. Biomarkers of inflammation, including C-reactive protein, ferritin, various interleukins, chemokines, cytokines, defensins and bacteria have been shown to be associated with increased risks of infection or inflammation-related preterm birth. Biological fluids have been utilized to analyze these markers in hopes of understand the pathology of preterm birth, but are not always useful if not acquired at the appropriate gestational time-frame. For example, biomarkers such as fibronectihn are accurate predictors of premature birth at over 24 weeks gestation, How Technology Effects Children have a poor predictive values before then.

Sudden infant death syndrome SIDS is a syndrome where an infant dies in their sleep with no reason behind it. Even with a complete autopsy, no one has been able to figure out what causes this disease.]