Disease and Its Impact on Humans - amazonia.fiocruz.br

Consider, that: Disease and Its Impact on Humans

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This is a fact sheet intended for health professionals. The two major classes of polyunsaturated fatty acids PUFAs are the omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids.

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Like all fatty acids, PUFAs consist of long chains of carbon atoms with a carboxyl group at one end of the chain and a methyl group at the other. PUFAs are distinguished from saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids by the presence of two or more double bonds between carbons within Ifs fatty acid chain. Omega-3 fatty acids omega-3s have a carbon—carbon double bond located three carbons from the methyl end of the chain. Omega-3s, sometimes referred to as "n-3s," are present in certain foods such as flaxseed and fish, as well as dietary supplements such as fish oil.

Several different omega-3s exist, but the majority of scientific Dissase focuses on three: alpha-linolenic acid ALAeicosapentaenoic acid EPAand docosahexaenoic acid DHA. PUFAs are frequently designated by their number of carbon atoms and double bonds. ALA, for example, is known as Cn-3 because it has 18 carbons and 3 double bonds and is an n-3, or omega-3, fatty acid. Omega-6 fatty acids omega-6s have a carbon—carbon double bond that is six carbons away from the methyl end of the fatty acid chain.

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Linoleic acid Cn-6 and arachidonic acid Cn-6 are two of the major omega-6s. Dlsease human body can only form carbon—carbon double bonds after the 9th carbon from the methyl end of a fatty acid [ 1 ]. Therefore, ALA and linoleic acid are considered essential fatty acids, meaning that they must be obtained from the diet [ 2 ].

ALA is present in plant oils, such as flaxseed, soybean, and canola oils [ 3 ]. DHA and EPA are present in fish, fish oils, and krill oils, but they are originally synthesized by microalgae, not by the fish. When fish consume phytoplankton that consumed microalgae, they accumulate the omega-3s in their tissues [ 3 ].

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After Impaact, dietary lipids are hydrolyzed in the intestinal lumen [ 1 ]. The hydrolysis products—monoglycerides and free fatty acids—are then incorporated into bile-salt— containing micelles and absorbed into enterocytes, largely by passive diffusion. Within intestinal cells, free fatty acids are primarily incorporated into chylomicrons and enter the circulation via the lymphatic system click 14 ].]