Different Perspectives About Adult Learning - amazonia.fiocruz.br

Critical pedagogy is a philosophy of education and social movement that developed and applied concepts from critical theory and related traditions to the field of education and the study of culture. It insists that issues of social justice and democracy are not distinct from acts of teaching and learning. When achieved, critical consciousness encourages individuals to effect change in their world through social critique and political action in order to self-actualize.

Critical pedagogy was founded by the Brazilian philosopher and educator Paulo Freirewho promoted it through his book, Pedagogy of the Oppressed.

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It subsequently spread internationally, developing a particularly strong base in the United States, where proponents sought to develop means of using teaching to combat racismsexismand oppression. As it grew, it incorporated elements from fields like the Human rights movementCivil rights movementDisability rights movementIndigenous rights movement, postmodern theoryfeminist theorypostcolonial theoryand queer theory.

Critics have argued that it is not appropriate for institutions of higher education to explicitly promote radical political activism among their students. They have suggested that adherents of critical pedagogy have focused on promoting political perspectives in the classroom at the Learjing of teaching pupils other skills, such as a proficiency in writing. The concept of critical pedagogy can be traced back to Paulo Freire 's best-known work, The Pedagogy of the Oppressed.

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Freire, a professor of history and the philosophy of education at the Federal University of Pernambuco in Brazil, sought in this and other works to develop a philosophy of adult education that demonstrated a solidarity with the poor in Different Perspectives About Adult Learning common struggle to survive by engaging them in a dialog of greater awareness and analysis. Although his family had suffered loss and hunger during the Great Depressionthe poor viewed him and his formerly middle-class family "as people from another world who happened to fall accidentally into their world". The influential works of Freire made him arguably the most celebrated critical educator. He seldom used the term "critical pedagogy" himself when describing this philosophy.

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His initial focus targeted adult literacy projects in Brazil and later was adapted to deal with a wide range of social and educational issues. Freire's pedagogy revolved around an anti-authoritarian and interactive approach aimed to examine issues of relational power for students and workers. Freire's praxis required implementation of a range of educational practices and processes with the goal of creating not only a better learning environment but also a better world.

Freire himself maintained that this was not merely an educational technique but a way of living in our educative practice. Freire endorses students' ability to think critically about their education situation; this method of thinking is thought by practitioners of critical pedagogy to allow them to "recognize connections between their individual problems and experiences and the social contexts in which they are embedded". Social transformation is the Differrent of praxis at Different Perspectives About Adult Learning collective level. Critical pedagogue Ira Shorwho was mentored by and worked closely with Freire from until Freire's death in[5] defines critical pedagogy as:. Empowering Education]