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In modern English, a cult is a social group that is defined by its unusual religiousspiritualor philosophical beliefs, or by its common interest in a particular personalityobject, or goal.

This sense of the term is controversial, having divergent definitions both in popular culture and Different Definitions Of Marking Orientation And Itsand has also been an ongoing source of contention among scholars across several fields of study. An older sense of the word cult involves a set of religious devotional practices that are conventional within their culture, are related to a particular figure, and are often associated with a particular place.

While the literal and original sense of the word remains in use in the English language, a derived sense of "excessive devotion" arose in the 19th century. Since the s, the secular anti-cult movement has opposed certain groups, and in reaction to acts of violence which have been committed by some of their members, it has frequently charged them read article practicing mind control.

Scholars and the media have disputed some of the claims and actions of anti-cult movements, leading to further public controversy.

Sociological classifications of religious movements may identify a cult as a social group with socially deviant or novel beliefs and practices, [5] although this is often unclear. In the English-speaking world, the term cult often carries derogatory connotations. In the s, with the rise of secular anti-cult movementsscholars though not the general public began to abandon the use of the term cult.

According to The Oxford Handbook of Religious Movements"by the end of the decade, the term 'new Cyber plagiarism would virtually replace the term 'cult' to describe all of those leftover groups that did not fit easily under the label of church or sect.

Sociologist Amy Ryan has argued for the need to differentiate those groups that may be dangerous from groups that are more benign. The movements themselves may have different definitions of religion as well. Casino presents the issue as crucial to international human rights laws. Limiting the definition of religion may interfere with freedom of religion, while too broad a definition may give some dangerous or abusive groups "a limitless excuse for avoiding all unwanted legal obligations.

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Different Definitions Of Marking Orientation And Its A new religious movement NRM is a religious community or spiritual group of modern origins since the midswhich has a peripheral place within its society's dominant religious culture. NRMs can be novel in origin or part of a wider religion, in which case they are distinct from pre-existing denominations. Sociologist Max Weber — found that cults based on charismatic leadership often follow the routinization of charisma. Becker as an expansion of German theologian Ernst Troeltsch 's church—sect typology.

Troeltsch's aim was to distinguish between three main types of religious behaviour: churchly, sectarianand mystical. Becker further bisected Troeltsch's first two categories: church was split into ecclesia and denomination ; and sect into sect and cult. In the early s, sociologist John Loflandliving with South Korean missionary Young Oon Kim and some of the first American Unification Church members in California, studied their activities in trying Vaccines Contagious Disease promote their beliefs and win new members.

It is considered to be one of the most important and widely cited studies of the process of religious conversion.

Sociologist Roy Wallis — argued that a cult is characterized by " epistemological individualism ," meaning that "the cult has no clear locus of final authority beyond the individual member. Wallis asserts that cults emerge from the "cultic milieu.

InBruce Campbell noted that cults are associated with beliefs in a divine element in the individual ; it is either soulselfor true self. Cults are inherently ephemeral and loosely organized.]