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Deterrence theory is the idea that an inferior force, by virtue of the destructive power of the force's weapons, could deter a more powerful adversary if the force could be protected against destruction by a surprise attack. The doctrine gained increased prominence as a military strategy during the Cold War with regard to the use of nuclear weapons and is related to but distinct from the concept of mutual assured destruction , which models the preventative nature of full-scale nuclear attack that would devastate both parties in a nuclear war. Deterrence is a strategy intended to dissuade an adversary from taking an action that has not yet started by means of threat of reprisal, [1] or to prevent it from doing something that another state desires. The strategy is based on the psychological concept of the same name. A credible nuclear deterrent, Bernard Brodie wrote in , must be always ready but never used. Thomas Schelling 's classic work on deterrence presents the concept that military strategy can no longer be defined as the science of military victory. Instead, it is argued that military strategy was now equally, if not more, the art of coercion, intimidation and deterrence. To be coercive or deter another state, violence must be anticipated and avoidable by accommodation. It can therefore be summarized that the use of the power to hurt as bargaining power is the foundation of deterrence theory and is most successful when it is held in reserve.

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Deterrence During World War II - consider, that

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Nuclear warfare sometimes atomic warfare or thermonuclear warfare is a military conflict or political strategy which deploys nuclear weaponry.

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Nuclear weapons are weapons of mass destruction ; in contrast to conventional warfarenuclear warfare can produce destruction in a much shorter time and can have a long-lasting radiological result. A major nuclear exchange would have long-term effects, primarily from the Deterrence During World War II released, and could also lead to a " nuclear winter " that could last for decades, centuries, or even millennia after the initial attack. So far, two nuclear weapons have been used in the course of warfareboth by the United States near the end of World War II. On August 6,a uranium gun-type device code name " Little Boy " was detonated over the Japanese city of Hiroshima. Three days later, on August 9, a plutonium implosion-type device code name " Fat Man " was detonated over the Japanese city of Nagasaki.

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Together, these two bombings resulted in the deaths of approximatelypeople. After World War II, nuclear weapons were also developed by the Soviet Unionthe United KingdomFranceand the People's Republic of Chinawhich contributed to the state of conflict and extreme tension that became known as the Cold War. InIndiaDetsrrence inPakistantwo countries that were openly hostile toward each other, developed nuclear weapons.

Israel s and North Korea are also thought to have developed stocks of nuclear weapons, though it is not known how many. The Israeli government has never admitted nor denied having nuclear weapons, although it is known to have constructed the reactor and reprocessing plant necessary for building nuclear weapons. After the collapse of the Deterence Union in and the resultant end of the Cold War, the threat of a major nuclear war between the two nuclear superpowers was generally thought to have declined.

The possibility of using nuclear weapons in war is usually divided into two subgroups, each with different effects and potentially fought with different types of nuclear armaments. The first, a limited nuclear war [15] sometimes attack or exchangerefers to a small-scale use of nuclear weapons by two or more belligerents. A "limited nuclear war" could include targeting military facilities—either as an attempt to pre-emptively cripple the enemy's ability to attack as a defensive measure, or as a prelude to an invasion by conventional forces, as an offensive measure.]