The Natural History Of Human Immunodeficiency Virus - amazonia.fiocruz.br

The Natural History Of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Video

The Natural History Of Human Immunodeficiency Virus - are not

They should not be construed as an official position of the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality or the U. Department of Health and Human Services. The first 3 recommendations apply to individuals who have a cervix, regardless of their sexual history or HPV vaccination status. These recommendations do not apply to individuals who have been diagnosed with a high-grade precancerous cervical lesion or cervical cancer. These recommendations also do not apply to individuals with in utero exposure to diethylstilbestrol or those who have a compromised immune system eg, women living with HIV. To read the recommendation statement in JAMA , select here. To read the evidence summary in JAMA , select here. To read the modeling study in JAMA , select here. It bases its recommendations on the evidence of both the benefits and harms of the service and an assessment of the balance. Clinicians should understand the evidence but individualize decision making to the specific patient or situation. The Natural History Of Human Immunodeficiency Virus.

Human immunodeficiency virus HIV infection The Natural History Of Human Immunodeficiency Virus a viral infection that progressively destroys certain white blood cells and can cause acquired immunodeficiency syndrome AIDS. HIV is transmitted through close contact with a body fluid that contains the virus or cells infected with the virus such as blood, semen, or vaginal fluids. When people are first infected, read more of fever, rashes, swollen lymph nodes, and fatigue may last a few days to several weeks. About half of untreated people become ill and develop AIDS, defined by the presence of serious infections and cancers, within about 10 years. HIV drugs antiretroviral drugs —two, three, or more taken together—can stop HIV from reproducing, strengthen the immune system, and thus make people less susceptible to infection, but the drugs cannot eliminate HIV, which persists in an inactive form.

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Thus, HIV is called a retrovirus, referring to the reversed backward process. Other RNA viruses such as polio, influenza, or measlesunlike retroviruses, do not make DNA copies after they invade cells. Activated: The virus takes over the functions of the infected cell, causing it to produce and release many new copies of HIV, which then invade other cells. Lymphocytes help defend the body against foreign cells, infectious organisms, and cancer.

Many of the complications of HIV infection, including death, usually result from these other infections and not from HIV infection directly.

HIV-1 originated in Central Africa during the first half of the 20th century when a closely related chimpanzee virus first infected people. Inabout There were 1 million AIDS-related deaths, and 1. However, in many sub-Saharan African countries, the number Huma new HIV infections has greatly decreased, partly because of international efforts to provide treatment and strategies for prevention. In the United States, over 1. Over two thirds of these infections occurred in gay and bisexual men.

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These illnesses, called AIDS-defining illnesses, include. Serious infections that occur mainly in people with a weakened immune system called opportunistic infectionsincluding fungal infections such as cryptococcosis and Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia and severe herpes simplex infections. Certain cancers, such as invasive cervical cancerKaposi sarcomaand certain lymphomas. The transmission of HIV requires contact with a body fluid that contains the virus or cells infected with the virus. HIV can appear in nearly any body fluid, but transmission occurs mainly through blood, semen, vaginal fluids, and breast milk.

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Although tears, urine, and saliva may contain low concentrations of HIV, transmission through these fluids is extremely rare, if it occurs at all. HIV is not transmitted by casual contact such as touching, holding, or dry kissing or by close, nonsexual contact at work, school, or home.

No case of HIV transmission has been traced to the coughing or sneezing of an infected person or to a mosquito bite. Transmission from an infected doctor or dentist to a patient is extremely rare. Sexual contact with an infected person, when the mucous membrane lining the mouth, vagina, penis, or rectum is exposed to body fluids such as semen or vaginal fluids that contain HIV, as occurs during unprotected sexual intercourse. Injection of contaminated blood, as can occur when needles are shared or a health care worker is accidentally pricked with an HIV-contaminated needle.]