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The Influence Of Learners First Language - has analogues?

There is possibly no greater shift in development than the advancement of language abilities from birth to three. While researchers disagree about the extent to which we come pre-wired to learn language, there is no dispute that the ability to learn to fluently speak one or more languages is a uniquely human ability that barring another complication we are all capable of doing. It is an amazing process to behold! Children do not arrive in the world understanding language. It is a skill they must develop over time. Babies will understand language receptive language; comprehension before producing language themselves productive language; language output. Long before they utter their first word, babies are developing the necessary sub-skills for language: participating in meaningful interactions with a caregiver, making vocalizations, coordinating gestures with utterances, making word approximations, etc. The road to demonstrating a basic level of language mastery is long, about 18 months for hearing children who are not using signs for early communication. The Influence Of Learners First Language

Fluency also called volubility and eloquency is the property of a person or Figst a system that delivers information quickly and with expertise. Language fluency is one of a variety of terms used to characterize or measure a person's language ability, [1] often used in conjunction with accuracy and complexity. Language fluency is sometimes contrasted with accuracy or correctness of language use, especially grammatical correctness [3] and complexity or a more encompassing knowledge of vocabulary and discourse strategies.

There are four commonly discussed types of fluency: reading fluency, oral fluency, oral-reading fluency, and written or compositional fluency.

Languagw types of fluency are interrelated, but do not necessarily develop in tandem or linearly. One may develop fluency in certain type s and be less fluent or nonfluent in others. Because an assessment of fluency is typically a measure or characterization of one's language ability, determining fluency may be a more challenging task when the speaker is acquiring a second language.

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It is generally thought that the later in life a learner approaches the study of a foreign language, the harder it is to acquire receptive auditory comprehension and fluent production speaking skills. For adults, once their mother tongue has already been established, the acquisition of a read more language can come more slowly and less completely, ultimately affecting fluency.

However, the critical period hypothesis is a hotly debated The Influence Of Learners First Language, with some scholars stating that adults can in fact become fluent in acquiring a Lesrners language. So although it is often assumed that young children learn languages more easily than adolescents and adults, [14] [15] the reverse is in fact true; older learners are faster. Young children invariably learn to speak their second language with native-like pronunciation, whereas learners who start learning a language at an older age only rarely reach a native-like level.

Since childhood is a critical periodwidespread opinion holds that it is easier for young children to learn a second language than it is for adults. Children can even acquire native fluency when exposed to the language on a consistent basis with rich interaction in a social setting. In addition to capacity, factors like; 1 motivation, 2 aptitude, 3 personality characteristics, 4 age of acquisition 5 first language typology 6 socio-economic status and 7 quality and context of L2 input play a role in L2 acquisitions rate and building fluency.

Skill that consists of ability to produce words in target language develops until adolescence. Natural ability to acquire a new language with a deliberate effort may begin to diminish around puberty i.

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Learning environment, comprehensible instructional materials, teacher, and the learner are indispensable elements in SLA and developing fluency in children. Extensive reading in L2 can offer twofold benefits in foreign language learning i. Paradis [16] study on to Avoid Conflicts Interests language acquisition and building fluency examines how first and second language acquisition patterns are generally similar including vocabulary and morphosyntax. Phonology of first The Influence Of Learners First Language is usually apparent in SLA and initial L1 influence can be lifelong, even for child L2 learners. Children can acquire a second language simultaneously learn L1 and L2 at the same time or sequentially learn L1 first and then L2. In the end, they develop fluency in both with one dominant language which is spoken largely by the community they live in.

The process of learning a second language or "L2," among older learners differs from younger learners because of their working memory. Working memory, also connected to fluency because it deals with automatic responses, is vital to language acquisition. This happens when information is stored and manipulated temporarily. During working memory, words are filtered, processed, and rehearsed, and information is stored while focusing on the next piece of interaction. Those with education at or below a high school level are least likely to take language classes.

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It has also been found that women and young immigrants are more likely to take language classes. Fluency is a speech language pathology term that means the smoothness or flow with which sounds, syllables, words and phrases are joined together when speaking quickly.

Both disorders have breaks in the fluidity of speech, and both have the fluency breakdown of repetition of parts of speech. Studies in the assessment of creativity list fluency as one of the four primary elements in creative thinking, the others being flexibility, originality and elaboration.]