The Culture Of The Middle East - really. All
The history of the ancient Near East begins with the rise of Sumer in the 4th millennium BC, though the date it ends varies. The ancient Near East is considered [3] one of the cradles of civilization. It was here that intensive year-round agriculture was first practiced, leading to the rise of the first dense urban settlements and the development of many familiar institutions of civilization, such as social stratification , centralized government and empires , organized religion and organized warfare. It also saw the creation of the first writing system , the first alphabet abjad , the first currency in history, and law codes , early advances that laid the foundations of astronomy and mathematics , and the invention of the wheel. During the period, states became increasingly large, until the region became controlled by militaristic empires that had conquered a number of different cultures. The Culture Of The Middle EastThe Culture Of The Middle East Video
Middle East geopolitics explained simply -- The Middle East explained in a nutshellNavigation menu
Home to the Cradle of Civilizationthe Middle East —interchangeable with the Near East —has seen many of the go here oldest cultures and civilizations. This history started from the earliest human settlements, continuing through several major pre- and post-Islamic Empires through to the nation-states of the Middle East today.
Sumerians were the first people to develop complex systems as to be called "Civilization", starting as far back as the 5th millennium BC. The Culture Of The Middle East the early 7th century BC and onward, the Iranian Medes followed by the Achaemenid Empire and other subsequent Iranian states and empires dominated the region. The Eastern Roman Empire, today commonly known as the Byzantine Empireruling from the Balkans to the Euphratesbecame increasingly defined by and dogmatic about Christianitygradually creating religious rifts between the doctrines dictated by the establishment in Constantinople and believers in many parts of the Middle East. From the 7th century, a new power was rising in the Middle East, that of Islam.
The dominance of the Arabs came to a sudden end in the midth century with the arrival of the Seljuq dynasty. In the early 13th century, a new wave of invaders, the armies of the Mongol Empiremainly Turkicswept through the region. By the early 15th century, a new power had arisen in western Anatolia, the Ottoman emirs, linguistically Turkic and religiously Islamic, who in captured the Christian Byzantine capital of Constantinople and made themselves sultans.
Large parts of the Middle East became a warground between the Ottomans and the Iranian Safavid dynasty for centuries, starting in the early Midfle century.
Bythe Ottomans had been Tbe out of the Kingdom of Hungary and the balance of power along the frontier had shifted decisively in favor of the Western world. The British Empire also established effective control of the Persian Gulfand the French colonial empire extended its influence into Lebanon and Syria.
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Inthe Kingdom of Italy seized Libya and the Dodecanese islandsjust off the coast of the Ottoman heartland of Anatolia. In the late 19th and early 20th centuries, Middle Eastern rulers tried to modernize their states to compete more effectively with the European powers. A turning point in the history of the Middle East came when oil was discovered, first in Persia in and later in Saudi Arabia in and the other Persian Gulf statesand also in Libya and Algeria.
A Western dependence on Middle Eastern oil and the decline of British influence led to a growing American interest in the region. During the s, s, and s, Syria and Egypt made moves towards independence.
The departure of the European powers from direct control of the region, the establishment of Israeland the increasing importance of the petroleum industrymarked the creation of the modern Middle East. In most Middle Eastern countries, the growth of market economies was inhibited by political restrictions, corruption and cronyismoverspending on arms and prestige projects, and over-dependence on oil revenues.
The wealthiest economies in the region per capita are the small oil-rich countries of Persian Gulf : QatarKuwaitBahrainand the United Arab Emirates.]
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