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Methylation can change the activity of a DNA segment without changing the sequence. When located in a gene promoter , DNA methylation typically acts to repress gene transcription. In mammals, DNA methylation is essential for normal development and is associated with a number of key processes including genomic imprinting , X-chromosome inactivation , repression of transposable elements , aging , and carcinogenesis. Two of DNA's four bases, cytosine and adenine , can be methylated. Methylation of cytosine to form 5-methylcytosine occurs at the same 5 position on the pyrimidine ring where the DNA base thymine 's methyl group is located; the same position distinguishes thymine from the analogous RNA base uracil , which has no methyl group. Spontaneous deamination of 5-methylcytosine converts it to thymine. This results in a T:G mismatch. Repair mechanisms then correct it back to the original C:G pair; alternatively, they may substitute A for G, turning the original C:G pair into a T:A pair, effectively changing a base and introducing a mutation.

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Restriction Map and Gel Electrophoresis Restriction Digest Involves The Uses Of Restriction

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Skip to search form Skip to main content You are currently offline. Some features of the site may not work correctly. DOI: Boyer and G. Yannic and D. Rioux and A. Next-generation sequencing technologies have opened a new era of Ibvolves in population genetics. Following these new sequencing opportunities, the use of restriction enzyme-based genotyping techniques, such as restriction site-associated DNA sequencing RAD-seq or double-digest RAD-sequencing ddRAD-seqhas dramatically increased in the last decade.

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