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Reasons for European Exploration

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Social Studies. Ahmad Lin. Answers 2. Eddie Carney 8 December, 0. Europeans didn't suddenly start exploring just because they could; there were many motives that led to European exploration and expansion in the 15th and 16th centuries. They made people confront the dangerous journey to the new colonies, a journey which killed about one half of the people who tried it. People were led by strong motives, and even if not all were exactly quite as important to European expansion, all of them played a part in it. Main Reasons For European Exploration In The

The Age of Discoveryor the Age of Exploration sometimes also, particularly regionally, Age of Contact [1] or Contact Period [2]is an informal and loosely defined term for the early modern period approximately from the beginning of the 15th century until the middle of the 17th century in European historyin which sea-faring European nations Main Reasons For European Exploration In The regions across the globe. The extensive overseas exploration, led by the Portuguese and the Spanishemerged as a powerful factor in European culture, most notably the European Eurropean of the Americas. It also marks an increased adoption of colonialism as a national policy in Europe. Several lands previously unknown to Mani were discovered by them during this period, though most were already inhabited.

European exploration outside the Mediterranean started with the Portuguese discoveries of the Atlantic archipelagos of Madeira and Azores in and respectively, then the coast of West Africa after until the establishment of the sea route to India in by Vasco da Gama. These discoveries led to numerous naval expeditions across the Atlantic, Indian, and Pacific oceans, and land expeditions in the Americas, Asia, Africa, and Australia that continued into the late 19th century, followed by the exploration of the polar regions in the 20th century.

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European overseas exploration led to the rise of global trade and the European colonial empireswith the contact between the Old World Europe, Asia, and Africa and the New World the Americasas well as Australia, producing the Columbian exchangea wide transfer of plants, animals, food, human populations including slavescommunicable diseases and Europran between the Eastern and Western Hemispheres. The Age of Discovery and later European exploration allowed the mapping of the worldresulting in a new worldview and distant civilizations coming into contact.

At the same time, new diseases were propagated, decimating populations not previously in contact with the Old World, particularly concerning Native Americans. The era also saw the enslavement, exploitation, military conquest, and economic dominance and spread of European civilization and superior technology by Europe and its colonies over native populations. Under the direction Reaskns Henry the Navigatorthe Portuguese developed a Main Reasons For European Exploration In The, much lighter ship, the caravelwhich could sail farther and faster, [3] and, above all, was highly maneuverable and could sail much nearer the wind, or into the wind.

InBartolomeu Dias reached the Indian Ocean by this route.

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Columbus discovered a continent uncharted by most Europeans though it had begun to be explored and was temporarily colonized by the Norse some years earlier. Ina Portuguese expedition commanded by Vasco da Gama reached India by sailing around Africa, opening up direct trade with Asia. Soon, the Portuguese sailed further eastward, to the valuable Spice Islands inlanding Reaasons China one year later. Thus, Europe first received news of the eastern and Main Reasons For European Exploration In The Pacific within a one-year span around SincexEploration French, the English and the Dutch entered the race of exploration after learning of these exploits, defying the Iberian monopoly on maritime trade by searching for new routes, first to the western coasts of North and South America, through the first English article source French expeditions starting with the first expedition of John Cabot in to the north, in the service of England, followed by the French expeditions to South America and later to North Americaand into the Pacific Ocean around South America, but eventually by following the Portuguese around Africa into the Indian Ocean; discovering Australia inNew Zealand inand Hawaii in Meanwhile, from the s to the s, Russians explored and conquered almost the whole of Siberiaand Alaska in the s.

Between the 12th and 15th centuries the European economy was transformed by the interconnecting of river and sea trade routes, causing Europe to become one of the world's most prosperous trading networks. Before the 12th century, the main obstacle to trade east of the Strait of Gibraltar was lack of commercial incentive rather than inadequate ship design.

The decline of Fatimid Caliphate naval strength that started before the First Crusade Main Reasons For European Exploration In The the maritime Italian states, Explorwtion Venice, Genoa and Pisa, dominate trade in the eastern Mediterranean, with Italian merchants becoming wealthy and politically Europesn.

Further changing the mercantile Eurolean in the Eastern Mediterranean was the waning of Byzantine naval power following the death of Emperor Manuel I Komnenos inwhose dynasty had made several notable treaties and concessions with Italian traders, permitting the use of Byzantine Main Reasons For European Exploration In The ports. The Hanseatic Leaguea confederation of What Makes a Good Employee guilds and their towns in northern Germany along the North Sea and Baltic Sea, was instrumental in commercial development of the region.

In the 12th century the region of FlandersHainault and Braband produced the finest quality textiles in northern Europe, which encouraged merchants from Genoa and Venice to sail there directly. Technological advancements that were important to the Age of Exploration were the adoption of the magnetic compass and advances in ship design. The compass was an addition to the ancient method of navigation based on sightings of the sun and stars. The compass had been used for navigation in China by the 11th century and was adopted by the Arab traders in the Indian Ocean. The compass spread to Europe by the late 12th or early 13th century. The compass card was also a European invention. For seafaring, the Malay people independently invented junk sailsmade from woven mats reinforced with bamboo, at least several hundred years before 1 BC. By the time of the Han dynasty BC to ADthe Explration were using such sails, having learned it from Malay sailors visiting their Southern coast.

Beside this type of sail, they also made balance lugsails tanja sails. The invention of these types of sail made sailing around the western coast of Africa possible, because of their ability to sail against the wind. This type of sail also inspired the Arabs to their west and the Polynesians to their east to develop the lateen and crab claw sailrespectively. The Javanese built ocean going merchant ships called po since at least the 1st century AD.]