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The lowest-priced brand-new, unused, unopened, undamaged item in its original packaging where packaging is applicable. Packaging should be the same as what is found in a retail store, unless the item is handmade or was packaged by the manufacturer in non-retail packaging, such as an unprinted box or plastic bag. See details for additional description. Skip to main content. The listing you're looking for has ended. Like New. View original item. Sell one like this.Cultural imperialismalso called cultural colonialismcomprises the cultural aspects of imperialism. Thus cultural imperialism is the practice of promoting and imposing a culture usually that of a politically powerful country over a less powerful society. This may take the form of cultural hegemony of industrialised or politically and economically influential countries influencing general cultural values and standardising globalising civilisations elsewhere. The term "cultural imperialism" occurs especially in the fields of historycultural studiesImperialism European Essay postcolonial theory. It is usually used in a pejorative sense, often in conjunction with calls to reject such influence. Cultural imperialism may take various forms, such as an attitude, a formal policy, or military action - insofar as each of these re-inforces cultural hegemony.
Eugopean the Oxford English Dictionary has Imperialism European Essay reference to the "cultural imperialism of the Russians", [2] John Tomlinson, in his book on the Imperialism European Essay, writes that the term emerged in the s [3] and has been a focus of research since at least the s. The partial and imperfect configuration of this ontology takes an implicit conceptualization of reality and attempts—and often Strategic Plan elide other forms of collective existence. Various academics link the term to specific media. American media critic Herbert Schiller wrote: "The concept of cultural imperialism today [] best describes the sum of the processes by which a society is brought into the modern world system and how its dominating stratum is attracted, pressured, forced, and sometimes bribed into shaping social institutions to correspond to, or even promote, the values and structures of the dominating centre of the system.
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The public media are the foremost example of operating enterprises that are used in the penetrative process. This occurs largely through the commercialization of broadcasting. Tom McPhail defined "Electronic colonialism as the dependency relationship established by the importation of communication hardware, foreign-produced software, along with engineers, technicians, and related information protocols, that establish a set of foreign norms, values, and expectations which, in varying degrees, Imperialism European Essay alter the domestic cultures and socialization processes.
Downing and Sreberny-Mohammadi state: "Imperialism is the conquest and control of one country by a more powerful one. Cultural imperialism signifies the dimensions of the process that go beyond economic exploitation or military Imperialism European Essay. In the history of colonialismi. Western advertising has made further inroads, as have architectural and fashion styles.
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Subtly but powerfully, the message has often been insinuated that Western cultures are superior to the cultures of the Third World. The issue of cultural imperialism emerged largely from communication studies. Many of today's academics that employ the term, cultural imperialism, are heavily informed by the work of FoucaultDerridaSaidand other poststructuralist and Imperialism European Essay theorists. The work of French philosopher and social theorist Michel Foucault has heavily influenced use of the term cultural imperialism, particularly his philosophical interpretation of power and his concept of governmentality.
Following an interpretation of power similar to that of MachiavelliFoucault defines power as immaterial, as a "certain type of relation Imperialism European Essay individuals" that has to do with complex strategic social positions that relate to the subject's ability to control its environment and influence those around itself.
Cultural imperialism may be an example of this. Foucault's interpretation of governance is also very important in constructing theories of transnational power structure. A self-described "practical Marxist-feminist-deconstructionist" [22] Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak has published a number of works challenging the "legacy of colonialism" including A Critique of Postcolonial Reason: Towards a History of the Vanishing PresentOther Asiasand "Can the Subaltern Speak?
In "Can the Subaltern Speak? Because of College And The Negative Of, Spivak argues that the subalternreferring to the communities that participate in the Sati, are not able to represent themselves through their own voice. Spivak says that cultural imperialism has the power to disqualify or erase the knowledge and mode of education of certain populations that are low on the social hierarchy. Throughout "Can the Subaltern Speak?
In A Critique of Postcolonial ReasonSpivak argues that Western Imperialism European Essay has a history of not only exclusion of the subaltern from discourse, but also does not allow them to occupy the space of a fully human subject. Cultural imperialism can refer to either the forced acculturation of a subject Imperialism European Essay, or to the voluntary embracing of a foreign culture by individuals who do so of their own free will.
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Since these are two very different referents, the validity of the term has been called into question. Cultural influence can be seen by the "receiving" culture as either a threat to or an enrichment of its cultural identity. It seems therefore useful to distinguish Imperialism European Essay cultural imperialism as an active or passive attitude of superiority, and the position of a culture or group that seeks to complement its own cultural production, considered partly deficient, with imported products. The imported products or services can themselves represent, or be associated with, certain values such as consumerism.]
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