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Click to see full answer. Furthermore, what is therapeutic use of a drug? Medical Definition of Therapeutic Therapeutic : Relating to therapeutics, the branch of medicine that is concerned specifically with the treatment of disease. The therapeutic dose of a drug is the amount needed to treat a disease. Therapeutics: In medicine, the branch that deals specifically with the treatment of disease and the art and science of healing. In pharmacology , therapeutics accordingly refers to the use of drugs and the method of their administration in the treatment of disease. The benefits of medicines are the helpful effects you get when you use them, such as lowering blood pressure , curing infection, or relieving pain. Drug Therapy And Its Effects On The

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There are several classes of antiretroviral agents that act on different stages of the HIV life-cycle. The use of multiple drugs that act on different viral targets is known as highly active antiretroviral therapy HAART. HAART decreases the patient's total burden of HIV, maintains function of source immune systemand prevents opportunistic infections that often lead to death.

Treatment has been so successful that in many parts of the world, HIV has become a chronic condition in which progression to AIDS is increasingly rare.

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Anthony Faucihead of the United States National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseaseshas written, "With collective and resolute action now and a steadfast commitment for years to come, an AIDS-free generation is indeed within reach. The World Health Organization has defined health as more than the absence of disease. For this reason, many researchers have dedicated their work to better understanding the effects of HIV-related stigma, the barriers it creates for treatment interventions, and the ways in which those barriers can be circumvented. There are six classes of drugs, which are read more used in combination, to treat HIV infection. Antiretroviral ARV drugs are broadly classified by the Drug Therapy And Its Effects On The of the retrovirus life-cycle that the drug inhibits.

Typical combinations include two nucleoside reverse-transcriptase inhibitors NRTI as a "backbone" along with one non-nucleoside reverse-transcriptase inhibitor NNRTIprotease inhibitor PI or integrase inhibitors also known as integrase nuclear strand transfer inhibitors or INSTIs as a "base. Chloroquinea zinc ionophoreshow antiviral activity against HIV and reduction of immune activation. Entry inhibitors or fusion inhibitors interfere with binding, fusion and entry of HIV-1 to the host cell by blocking one of several targets.

Maraviroc and enfuvirtide are the two available agents in this class.

Maraviroc works by targeting CCR5a co-receptor located on human helper T-cells. Caution should be used when administering this drug, however, due to a possible shift in tropism which allows HIV to target an alternative co-receptor such as CXCR4. In rare cases, individuals may have a mutation in the CCR5 delta gene which results in a nonfunctional CCR5 co-receptor and in turn, a means of resistance or slow progression of the disease. Enfuvirtide is a peptide drug that must be injected and acts by interacting Effets the N-terminal heptad repeat of gp41 of HIV to form an inactive hetero six-helix bundle, therefore preventing infection of host cells.

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Nucleoside reverse-transcriptase inhibitors NRTI and nucleotide reverse-transcriptase inhibitors NtRTI are nucleoside and nucleotide analogues which inhibit reverse transcription. Since the conversion of RNA to DNA is not naturally done in the mammalian cell, it is performed by a viral protein, reverse transcriptasewhich makes it a selective target for inhibition. NRTIs are chain terminators. Non-nucleoside reverse-transcriptase inhibitors NNRTI inhibit reverse transcriptase by binding to an allosteric site of the enzyme; NNRTIs act as non-competitive inhibitors of reverse transcriptase.

NNRTIs affect the handling of substrate nucleotides by reverse transcriptase by Therpay near the active site.

Integrase inhibitors also known as integrase nuclear strand transfer inhibitors or INSTIs inhibit the viral enzyme integrasewhich is responsible for integration https://amazonia.fiocruz.br/scdp/essay/mormon-bank-utah/there-are-numerous-diverse-courses-for-people.php viral DNA into the DNA of the infected cell.

There are several integrase inhibitors under clinical trial, [ when? As of earlytwo other clinically approved integrase inhibitors are elvitegravir and dolutegravir.

Protease inhibitors block the viral protease enzyme necessary to produce mature virions upon budding from the host membrane. Examples of HIV protease inhibitors are lopinavirindinavirnelfinaviramprenavir and ritonavir. Darunavir and atazanavir are recommended as first line therapy choices. Second generation drugs have been developed that are effective against otherwise resistant HIV variants.]