China s Culture During The 20th Century - amazonia.fiocruz.br

China s Culture During The 20th Century Video

Remarkable: China s Culture During The 20th Century

Many mass killings occurred under 20th-century communist regimes. Death estimates vary widely, depending on the definitions of deaths included. The higher estimates of mass killings account for crimes against civilians by governments, including executions, destruction of population through man-made hunger and deaths during forced deportations, imprisonment and through forced labor. Terms used to define these killings include "mass killing", " democide ", " politicide ", " classicide " and a broad definition of " genocide 20tb.

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Several different terms are used to describe the intentional killing of large numbers of noncombatants. The criticism of some of the estimates were mostly focused on three aspects, namely that i the estimates were based on sparse and incomplete data when significant errors are inevitable; [38] [39] [40] ii some critics said the figures were skewed to higher possible values; [38] [41] [ac] and iii some critics argued that victims of Holodomor and other man-made famines created by communist governments should not be counted. However, individuals, collectives and states that have defined themselves as communist have committed crimes in the name of communist ideology, or without naming communism as the direct source of motivation for their crimes. Professor Mark Bradley writes that communist theory and practice has often been in China s Culture During The 20th Century with human rights and most communist states followed the lead of Karl Marx in rejecting "Enlightenment-era inalienable individual political and civil rights" in favor of "collective economic and social rights.

Finlay has argued that Marxism legitimates violence without any clear limiting principle because it rejects moral and ethical norms as constructs of the dominant class and "states that it would be conceivable for revolutionaries to commit atrocious crimes in bringing about a socialist system, with the belief that their crimes will be retroactively absolved by the new system of ethics put in place by the proletariat.

Literary historian George Watson cited an article written China s Culture During The 20th Century Friedrich Engels called "The Hungarian Struggle" and published in Marx's journal Neue Rheinische Zeitungstating that the writings of Engels and others show that "the Marxist theory of history required and demanded genocide for reasons implicit in its claim that feudalismwhich in advanced nations was already giving place to capitalismmust in its turn be superseded by socialism.

Entire nations would be left behind after a workers' revolution, feudal remnants in a socialist age, learn more here since they could not advance two steps at a time, they would have to be killed.

They were racial trash, as Engels called them, and fit only for the dung-heap of history. According to Rummel, the killings committed by communist regimes can best be explained as the result of the marriage between absolute power and the absolutist ideology of Marxism.

It had its revealed text and its chief interpreters. It had its priests and their ritualistic prose with all the answers. It had a heaven, and the proper behavior to reach it.

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It had its appeal to faith. And it had its crusades against nonbelievers. What made this secular religion so utterly lethal was its seizure of all the state's instruments of force and coercion and their hCina use to destroy or control all independent sources of power, such as the church, the professions, private businesses, schools, and the family.]