Changes in the Land - amazonia.fiocruz.br

Changes in the Land - necessary

That extra heat is driving regional and seasonal temperature extremes , reducing snow cover and sea ice , intensifying heavy rainfall, and changing habitat ranges for plants and animals —expanding some and shrinking others. Explore this interactive graph: Click and drag to display different parts of the graph. To squeeze or stretch the graph in either direction, hold your Shift key down, then click and drag. The zero line represents the long-term average temperature for the whole planet; blue and red bars show the difference above or below average for each year. Temperatures were warmer than average across most global land and ocean areas during most of the year. Changes in the Land

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Thailand[a] officially the Kingdom of Thailand and formerly known as Siam[b] is a country in Southeast Asia. Located at the centre of the Indochinese Peninsulait is composed of 76 provinces spanningsquare kilometressq miwith a population of over link million people; [4] Thailand is the world's 50th-largest country by land area and the 22nd-most-populous. The capital and largest city is Bangkoka special administrative area. Thailand is bordered to the north by Myanmar and Laosto the east by Laos and Cambodiato the south by the Gulf of Thailand and Malaysiaand to the west by the Andaman Changes in the Land and the southern extremity of Myanmar. Its maritime boundaries include Vietnam in the Gulf of Thailand to the southeast, and Indonesia and India on the Andaman Sea to the southwest.

Nominally, Thailand is a constitutional monarchy and parliamentary democracy ; however, in recent history, its government has experienced multiple coups and periods of military dictatorships. Tai peoples migrated from southwestern China to mainland Southeast Asia from the 11th century; the oldest known mention of their presence in the region by the exonym Changes in the Land dates to the 12th century.

Various Indianised kingdoms such as the Mon kingdomsKhmer Empire and Malay states ruled the region, competing with Thai states such as the Kingdoms of NgoenyangSukhothaiLan Na and Ayutthayawhich rivalled each other. Documented European contact began in with a Portuguese diplomatic mission to Ayutthaya, which became a regional power by the end of the 15th century. Ayutthaya reached its peak during cosmopolitan Narai 's reign —gradually declining thereafter until being ultimately destroyed in the Burmese—Siamese War. Taksin r. He was succeeded in by Buddha Yodfa Chulaloke r. Throughout the era of Western imperialism in AsiaSiam remained the only nation in the region to avoid being colonized by foreign powers, although the Siamese government was often forced to cede both territory and trade concessions Changes in the Land unequal treaties.

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The Siamese system of government was centralized and transformed into modern unitary absolute monarchy in the reign of Chulalongkorn r. Siam joined World War I siding with the allies, a political decision to amend the unequal treaties. Following a bloodless revolution inSiam became a constitutional monarchy and changed its official name to "Thailand". In the late s, a military coup under Field Marshal Sarit Changew revived the monarchy's historically influential role in politics. Apart from a brief period of parliamentary democracy in the mids, Thailand has periodically alternated between democracy and military rule.

Since the s, Thailand has been caught in a bitter political conflict between supporters and opponents of Thaksin Shinawatrawhich culminated in two coups, most recently in and the establishment of its current Lamd 20th constitution and faces the ongoing Thai protests. The country has always been called Mueang Thai by its citizens.

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The names Shan and A-hom seem to be variants of the same word. The Chinese called this region Xian, which the Portuguese converted into Siam. The signature of King Mongkut r. Baxter There is evidence of continuous human habitation in present-day Thailand from 20, years ago to the present day. The Khmer people established the Khmer Changes in the Landcentred in Angkorin the 9th century.

The Thai people are of the Tai ethnic groupcharacterised by read more linguistic roots. While there are many assumptions regarding the origin of Tai peoples, David K. After the decline of the Khmer Empire and Kingdom of Pagan in the earlyth century, various states thrived in Chajges place.

The domains of Tai people existed from the northeast of present-day India to the north of present-day Laos and to the Malay peninsula. There are, however, no records detailing the arrival of the Tais.

He later crowned himself the first king of Sukhothai Kingdom in Sukhothai expanded furthest during the reign of Ram Khamhaeng r. However, it was mostly a network of local lords who swore fealty to Sukhothai, not directly controlled by it. To the north, Mangraiwho descended from a local ruler lineage of Ngoenyangfounded the kingdom of Lan Na incentered in Chiang Mai. He unified the surrounding area and his dynasty would rule the kingdom continuously Changes in the Land the next two centuries.

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He also created a network of states through political alliances to the east and north of the Mekong. According to the most widely accepted version of its origin, the Ayutthaya Kingdom rose from the earlier, nearby Lavo Kingdom and Suvarnabhumi with Uthong as its first king. Ayutthaya was a patchwork of self-governing principalities and tributary provinces owing allegiance to the King of Ayutthaya under the https://amazonia.fiocruz.br/scdp/essay/calculus-on-manifolds-amazon/the-ethics-of-a-business.php system.]