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Butch and femme are terms used in the lesbian subculture [1] to ascribe or acknowledge a masculine butch or feminine femme identity with its associated traits, behaviors, styles, self-perception, and so on.

This concept has been called a "way to organize sexual relationships and gender and sexual identity". Both https://amazonia.fiocruz.br/scdp/essay/calculus-on-manifolds-amazon/the-power-of-magnetism-and-electricity-since.php expression of individual lesbians of butch and femme identities and the relationship of the lesbian community in general to the notion of butch and femme as an organizing principle for sexual relating varied over the course of the Expressionz century.

The word femme is taken from the French word for woman.

The word butchmeaning "masculine", may have been coined by abbreviating the word butcheras first noted in George Cassidy's nickname, Butch Cassidy. There is debate about to whom the terms butch and femme can apply, and particularly whether transgender individuals can be identified in this way. For example, Jack Halberstam argues that transgender men cannot be considered butch, since it constitutes a conflation of maleness with butchness. He further argues that butch—femme is https://amazonia.fiocruz.br/scdp/essay/writing-practice-test-online/case-study-balance-bike.php geared to work in lesbian relationships. On the other hand, writer Jewelle Gomez mused that butch and femme women in the earlier twentieth century may have been expressing their closeted transgender identity.

Scholars such as Judith Butler and Anne Fausto-Sterling suggest that butch and femme are not attempts to take up "traditional" gender roles. Instead, they argue that gender is socially and historically constructed, rather than essential, "natural", or biological.

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The femme lesbian historian Joan Nestle argues that Androgynous Pauline Queering Gendering Expressions in 1 and butch may be seen as distinct genders in and of themselves. It is not uncommon for Androgynojs with a butch appearance to face harassment or violence. BUTCH Voices, a national conference for "individuals Gendeding are masculine of center", including gender variantwas founded in Like the term "butch", femme can be used as an adjective or a noun.

Because they do not express masculine qualities, femmes were particularly vexing to sexologists and psychoanalysts who wanted to argue that all lesbians wished to be men. In the first half of the twentieth century, when butch-femme gender roles were constrained to the underground bar scene, femmes were considered invisible without a butch partner - that is, they could pass as straight because of their gender conformity. By daring to be publicly attracted to butch women, femmes reflected their own sexual difference and made the butch a known subject of desire. The separatist feminist movement of the late s and s forced butches and femmes underground, as radical lesbian feminists found lesbian gender roles to be a disappointing and oppressive replication of heterosexual lifestyle. In this new configuration of butch and femme, it was acceptable, even desirable, to have femme-femme sexual and romantic pairings. Femmes gained value as their own lesbian gender, making it possible to exist separately from butches.

For example, Susie Brightthe founder of On Our Backsthe first lesbian sex periodical of its kind, identifies as femme. In "Negotiating Dyke Femininity", lesbian scholar Wendy Somersonexplains that women in the lesbian community who are more feminine and do not just click for source into the "butch" stereotype can pass as straight. She believes the link between appearance and gender performance and one's sexuality should be disrupted, because the way someone looks should not define their sexuality. In her article, Somerson also clearly talks about how within the lesbian community some are considered more masculine than others.

Femmes still combat the invisibility their presentation creates and assert their sexuality through their femininity. The term "kiki" came into existence in the s to describe a lesbian who Genderign not identify as either butch or femme, and was used disparagingly. Labels have been tailored to be more descriptive of an individual's characteristics, such as "hard butch" "gym queen", "tomboy femme", and "soft stud". A butch woman may be described as a " dyke Qurering, " stone butch ", "diesel dyke", Androgynous Pauline Queering Gendering Expressions in 1 "bulldyke", "bull bitch", or "bulldagger". A "stud" is a dominant lesbian, usually butch. The term originated with the African-American lesbian community.]