Negative Mood And Low Social Support - amazonia.fiocruz.br

Social Negative Mood And Low Social Support theoryinitially proposed by social psychologist Leon Festinger in[1] centers on the belief that there is a drive within individuals to gain accurate self-evaluations. The theory explains how individuals evaluate their own opinions and abilities by comparing themselves to others in order to reduce uncertainty in these domains, and learn how to define the self. Following the initial theory, research began to focus on social comparison as a way of self-enhancement, [2] [3] introducing the concepts of downward and upward comparisons and expanding the motivations of social comparisons.

In the theory, Festinger provided nine main hypotheses. First, he stated that humans have a basic drive to evaluate their opinions and abilities and that people evaluate themselves through objective, nonsocial means Hypothesis I. He next hypothesized that there is a unidirectional drive upward in the case of abilities, which is largely absent in opinions.

Next, Festinger hypothesizes that there are non-social restraints that make it difficult or even impossible to change one's ability and these restraints are largely absent for opinions. Festinger goes on to hypothesize that the cessation of comparison with others is https://amazonia.fiocruz.br/scdp/blog/woman-in-black-character-quotes/perks-of-being-a-wallflower-reflection.php by hostility or derogation to the extent that continued comparison with those persons implies unpleasant consequences Hypothesis VI.

Next, any factors which increase the importance of some particular group as a comparison group from some particular opinion or ability will increase the pressure toward uniformity concerning that ability or opinion within that group.

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Negative Mood And Low Social Support If discrepancies arise between the evaluator and comparison group there is a Wound Healing to reduce the divergence by either attempting to persuade others, or changing their personal views to attain uniformity. However, the importance, relevance and attraction to a comparison group that affects the original motivation for comparison, mediates the pressures https://amazonia.fiocruz.br/scdp/blog/work-experience-programme/the-world-war-i-an-era-of.php uniformity Hypothesis VII.

His next hypothesis states that if persons who are very divergent from one's own opinion or ability are perceived as different from oneself on attributes consistent with the divergence, the tendency to narrow the range of comparability becomes stronger Hypothesis VIII. Lastly, Festinger hypothesized that when there is a range of opinion or ability in a group, the relative strength of the three manifestations of pressures toward uniformity will be different for those who are close to the mode of the group than for those who are distant from the mode. Those close to the mode will have stronger tendencies to change the positions of others, weaker tendencies to narrow the range of comparison, and even weaker tendencies to change their own opinions Hypothesis IX.

Since its inception, the initial framework has undergone several advances. Key among these are developments in understanding the motivations that underlie social comparisons, and the particular types of social comparisons that are made. Motives that are relevant to social comparison include self-enhancement, [2] [3] maintenance of a positive self-evaluation, [6] components of attributions and validation, [7] and the avoidance of closure. According to Thorton and Arrowood, self-evaluation is one of the functions of social comparison. This is one process that underlies how an individual engages in social comparison.

For self-evaluation, people tend to choose a comparison target that is similar to themselves. Research suggests that most people believe that choosing a similar target helps ensure the accuracy of the self-evaluation. Individuals may also seek self-enhancement, or to improve their self-esteem.

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They will also choose to make upward comparing themselves to someone better off or downward comparing themselves to someone worse off comparisons, depending on which strategy will further their self-enhancement goals. They may also avoid making comparisons period, or avoid making certain types of comparisons. Specifically, when an individual believes that their ability in a specific area is low, they will avoid making upward social comparisons in that area. Unlike for self-evaluation Negative Mood And Low Social Support, people engaging in social comparison with the goal of self-enhancement may not seek out a target that is similar to themselves. In fact, if a target's similarity is seen as a threat, due to the target outperforming the individual Neggative some dimension, the individual may downplay the similarity of the target to themselves.

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This notion Neyative closely to the phenomena in psychology introduced also by Leon Festinger himself Negative Mood And Low Social Support it relates to the diminishing of cognitive dissonance. One does not want to perceive oneself in a way which would downplay one's original belief upon which one's self-esteem is based and therefore in order to reduce the cognitive dissonance, one is willing to change the cognitive representation of the here person whom one compares oneself to, such that one's own belief about oneself remains intact.

This effectively leads to the comparison of apples to oranges or psychological denial. Later advances in theory led to self-enhancement being one of the four self-evaluation motives :, along with self-assessmentself-verificationand self-improvement. Wills introduced the concept of downward comparison in ]