Culture of Gandhara Civilization
It spread to encompass much of Afghanistan[16] and then the northern parts of the Indian subcontinent at least as far as Saketa and Sarnath near Varanasi Benareswhere inscriptions have been found dating to the era of the Kushan Emperor Kanishka the Great.
They played an important role in the establishment of Buddhism in the Indian subcontinent and its spread to Central Asia and China. The Kushans were most probably one of five branches of the Yuezhi confederation, [19] [20] an Indo-European nomadic people of possible Tocharian [21] [22] [23] [24] [25] origin, who migrated from northwestern China Xinjiang and Gansu and settled in ancient Bactria.
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The Kushans possibly used the Greek language initially for administrative purposes, but soon began to use Bactrian language. A direct road from Gandhara to China remained under Kushan control for more than a century, encouraging travel across the Karakoram and facilitating the spread of Mahayana Buddhism to China.
The Kushan empire fragmented into semi-independent kingdoms in the 3rd century AD, which fell https://amazonia.fiocruz.br/scdp/blog/gregorys-punctuation-checker-tool/applying-for-government-assistance-immediately.php the Sasanians invading from the west, establishing the Kushano-Sasanian Kingdom in the areas of SogdianaBactria and Gandhara. In the 4th century, the Civilizstionan Indian dynasty also pressed from the east.
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The last of the Kushan and Kushano-Sasanian kingdoms were eventually overwhelmed by invaders from the north, known as the Kidaritesand then the Hephthalites. The displaced Greek dynasties resettled to the southeast in areas of the Hindu Kush and the Indus basin in present-day Afghanistan and Pakistanoccupying the western part of the Indo-Greek Kingdom. Continue reading traces remain of the presence of the Kushans in the area of Bactria and Sogdiana in the 2nd-1st century BCE, where they had displaced the Sakaswho moved further Culture of Gandhara Civilization. On the ruins of ancient Hellenistic cities such as Ai-Khanoumthe Kushans are known to have built fortresses. Various sculptures and friezes from this period are known, representing horse-riding archers, [44] and, significantly, men such as the Kushan prince of Khalchayan with artificially deformed skullsa practice well attested in nomadic Central Asia.
Ancient East Asian Art From Gandhara
The Chinese first referred to these people as the Yuezhi and said they established the Kushan Empire, although the relationship between the Yuezhi and the Kushans is still unclear. The earliest documented ruler, and the first one to proclaim himself as a Kushan ruler, was Heraios.
He calls himself a " tyrant " in Greek on Culture of Gandhara Civilization coins, and also exhibits skull deformation. He may have been an ally of the Greeks, and he shared the same style of coinage.
Heraios may have been the father of the first Kushan emperor Kujula Kadphises.]
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