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The World s First And Second Century Video

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Carbon dioxide CO 2 is an important heat-trapping greenhouse gas, which is released through human activities such as deforestation and burning fossil fuels, as well as natural processes such as respiration and volcanic eruptions. The first graph shows atmospheric CO 2 levels measured at Mauna Loa Observatory, Hawaii, in recent years, with average seasonal cycle removed. The second graph shows CO 2 levels during the last three glacial cycles, as reconstructed from ice cores. This is more than what had happened naturally over a 20, year period from the Last Glacial Maximum to , from ppm to ppm. The time series below shows global distribution and variation of the concentration of mid-tropospheric carbon dioxide in parts per million ppm. The overall color of the map shifts toward the red with advancing time due to the annual increase of CO 2. Images of Change. Explore a stunning gallery of before-and-after images of Earth from land and space that reveal our home planet in a state of flux. Climate Mobile Apps. Keep track of Earth's vital signs, see the planet in a state of flux and slow the pace of global warming with NASA's free mobile apps. The World s First And Second Century

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The city has a population ofas of [7] and lies within the United Kingdom's second-most populous urban areawith a population of 2. The recorded history of Manchester began with the civilian settlement associated with the Roman fort of Mamucium or Mancuniumwhich was established in about AD 79 on a sandstone bluff near the confluence of the rivers Medlock and Irwell.

Although historically and traditionally a part of Lancashireareas of Cheshire south of the River Mersey were incorporated into Manchester in the 20th century. The first to be included, Wythenshawewas added to the city in Throughout the Middle Ages Manchester remained a manorial townshipbut began to expand "at an astonishing rate" around the turn of the 19th century. Manchester's unplanned urbanisation was brought on by a boom in textile manufacture during the Industrial Revolution[11] and resulted in it becoming the world's first industrialised city. Its fortune declined continue reading the Second World Warowing to deindustrialisation, but the IRA bombing in led to extensive investment and regeneration.

The city is notable for its architectureculturemusical exportsmedia linksscientific and engineering outputsocial impactsports clubs and transport connections.

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Manchester is a city of notable firsts. Manchester Liverpool Road railway station was the world's first inter-city passenger railway station. The city has also excelled in scientific and engineering advancement, as it was at the University of Manchesterinthat scientist Ernest Rutherford first split the atom. The university's further achievements include Frederic C. WilliamsTom Kilburn and Geoff Tootill who developed and built the world's first stored-program computer in ; and, inAndre Geim and Konstantin Novoselov successfully isolated and characterised the first graphene. These names are generally thought to represent a Latinisation of an original Brittonic name.

DIRECT MEASUREMENTS: 2005-PRESENT

Both usages are preserved in Insular Celtic languagessuch as mam meaning "breast" in Irish and "mother" in Welsh. The Brigantes were the major Celtic tribe in what is now known as Northern England ; they had a The World s First And Second Century in the locality at a sandstone outcrop on which Manchester Cathedral now stands, opposite the bank of the River Irwell. Following the Roman conquest of Britain in the 1st century, General Agricola ordered the construction of a fort named Mamucium in the year 79 to ensure that Roman interests in Deva Victrix Chester and Eboracum York were protected from the Brigantes.

The Roman habitation of Manchester probably ended around the 3rd hTe its civilian settlement appears to have been abandoned by the mid-3rd century, although the fort may have supported a small garrison until the late 3rd or early 4th century. In the Domesday Book ofManchester is recorded as within the hundred of Salford and held as tenant in chief by a Norman named Roger Secon Poitou[23] later being held by the family of Grelley, lord of the manor and residents of Manchester Castle until before a Manor House was built. Manchester is mentioned as having a market in Although not long-lasting, Cromwell granted it the right to elect its own MP. Charles Worsleywho sat for the city for only a year, was later appointed Major General for Lancashire, Cheshire and Staffordshire during the Rule of the Major Generals.

He was a check this out puritanturning out ale houses and banning the celebration of Christmas; he died in The Bridgewater CanalBritain's first wholly artificial waterway, was opened inbringing The World s First And Second Century from mines at Worsley to central Manchester. The canal was extended to the Mersey at Runcorn by The combination of competition and improved efficiency halved the cost of coal and halved the transport cost of raw cotton.

InRichard Arkwright began construction of Manchester's first cotton mill. Manchester's history is concerned with textile manufacture during the Industrial Revolution. The great majority of cotton spinning took place in the towns of south Lancashire and north Cheshire, and Manchester was for a time the most productive centre of cotton processing. Manchester became known as the world's largest marketplace for cotton goods [20] [31] and was dubbed " Cottonopolis " and "Warehouse City" during the Victorian era. Manchester began expanding "at an astonishing rate" around the turn of the 19th century as people flocked to the city for work from Scotland, Wales, Ireland and other areas of England as part of a process of unplanned urbanisation brought on by the Industrial Revolution.

Similarly, the chemical industry started by producing bleaches and dyes, but expanded into other areas. Commerce was supported by financial service industries such as banking and insurance.

PROXY (INDIRECT) MEASUREMENTS

Trade, and feeding the growing population, required a large transport and distribution infrastructure: the canal system was extended, and Manchester became one end of the world's first intercity passenger railway—the Liverpool and Manchester Railway. Competition between the various forms of transport kept costs down. This enabled oceangoing ships to sail right into the Port of Manchester. On the canal's banks, just outside the borough, the world's first industrial estate was created at Trafford Park. A centre of capitalism, Manchester was once the scene of bread and labour riots, as well as calls for greater political recognition by the city's working and non-titled classes.

One such gathering ended with the Peterloo massacre of 16 August ]