Factors Influencing Friendship And Relationship Development - amazonia.fiocruz.br

Expectancy Ifluencing theory EVT is a theory of communication that analyzes how individuals respond to unanticipated violations of social norms and expectations. Burgoon in the late s and continued through the s and s as "nonverbal expectancy violations theory", based on Burgoon's research studying proxemics. This theory sees communication as an exchange of behaviors, where one individual's behavior can be used to violate the expectations of another.

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Participants in communication will perceive the exchange either positively or negatively, depending upon an existing personal relationship or how favorably the violation is perceived. Beyond proxemics and examining how people interpret violations in many given communicative contexts, EVT also makes specific predictions about individuals' reaction to given expectation violations: individuals reciprocate or match someone's unexpected behavior, and they also compensate or counteract by doing the opposite of the communicator's behavior.

The EVT examines three main components in interpersonal communication situations: Expectancies, communicator reward valence, and violation valence. Expectancy refers to what an individual anticipates will happen in a given situation. Expectancies are primarily based upon social norms and specific characteristics and idiosyncrasies of the communicators. Burgoon notes that people do not view others' behaviors as random. Rather, they have various expectations of how others should think and Factors Influencing Friendship And Relationship Development. EVT proposes that observation and interaction with others leads to expectancies. The two types of expectancies noted are predictive and prescriptive. If he were to ignore the dirty dishes one night, this might be seen as a predictive discrepancy. Prescriptive expectations, on the other hand, are based upon "beliefs about what behaviors should be performed" and "what is needed and desired" Houser, Judee Burgoon and Jerold Hale categorize existing expectations into two types based on the process of interaction: pre-interactional and interactional expectations.

Interactional expectations indicate the ability you equip to conduct click ongoing conversation. When the theory was first proposed, EVT identified three factors which influence a person's expectations: Interactant variables, environmental variables, and variables related to the nature of the interaction. Interaction variables include social normspurpose of the interaction, and formality of the situation.

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These factors later evolved into communicator characteristics, relational characteristics, and context. Behavioural expectations may also shift depending on the environment one is experiencing. For example, a visit to a church will produce different expectations than a social function. The expected violations will therefore be altered.

Similarly, expectations differ based on culture. In Europeone may expect to be greeted with three kisses on alternating cheeks, but this is not the case in the United States. The communicator reward valence is an evaluation one makes about the person who committed a violation of expectancy.

Em Griffin summarizes the concept behind Communicator Reward Valence as "the sum of positive and here attributes brought to the encounter plus the potential to reward or punish in the future". Rewards simply refer to the person's ability to provide a want or need. It can be represented by several features, such as communicators Andd high social class, reputation, knowledge, positive emotional support, physical attractiveness, and so on. Conversely, if the listener is avoiding eye contact, yawning, and texting, it is implied they have no interest in the interaction and the speaker may feel violated.

The deviation of expectations does not always yield negative results, which depends on the degree of reward held by the reward communicator. An action might be viewed as positive by a high-reward communicator, as the same action might be seen as negative by a lower-reward communicator. When examining the context, relationship, and communicator's characteristics in a given encounter, individuals will arrive at an expectation for how that person should behave. Changing even one of these expectancy variables may lead to a different expectation. Behavior violations arouse and distract, calling attention to the qualities of the violator and the relationship between the interactants. Rewardingness of the violator is evaluated through many Factors Influencing Friendship And Relationship Development — attractiveness, prestige, ability to provide resources, or Influencinb relationship.]