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A university Latin : universitas , 'a whole' is an institution of higher or tertiary education and research , which awards academic degrees in various academic disciplines. Universities typically provide undergraduate education and postgraduate education. The word university is derived from the Latin universitas magistrorum et scholarium , which roughly means "community of teachers and scholars". The original Latin word universitas refers in general to "a number of persons associated into one body, a society, company, community, guild, corporation , etc". Like other guilds, they were self-regulating and determined the qualifications of their members. In modern usage the word has come to mean "An institution of higher education offering tuition in mainly non-vocational subjects and typically having the power to confer degrees," [5] with the earlier emphasis on its corporate organization considered as applying historically to Medieval universities. The original Latin word referred to degree-awarding institutions of learning in Western and Central Europe , where this form of legal organisation was prevalent and from where the institution spread around the world. An important idea in the definition of a university is the notion of academic freedom. The first documentary evidence of this comes from early in the life of the University of Bologna , which adopted an academic charter, the Constitutio Habita , [7] in or , [8] which guaranteed the right of a traveling scholar to unhindered passage in the interests of education.

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WHAT DOES THE ENVIRONMENT LOOK LIKE EARTH	A university (Latin: universitas, 'a whole') is an institution of higher (or tertiary) education and research, which awards academic degrees in various academic amazonia.fiocruz.brsities typically provide undergraduate education and postgraduate education.. The word university is derived from the Latin universitas magistrorum et scholarium, which roughly means "community of teachers and scholars". Jan 05,  · Early use of the hamsa has been traced to ancient Mesopotamia (modern-day Iraq) as well as ancient Carthage [citation needed] (modern day Tunisia).The image of the open right hand is seen in Mesopotamian artifacts in the amulets of the goddess Ishtar or Inanna. Other symbols of divine protection based around the hand include the Hand-of-Venus (or Aphrodite), the Hand-of-Mary, that . Definitions. The Arabic word tasawwuf (lit. being or becoming a Sufi), generally translated as Sufism, is commonly defined by Western authors as Islamic mysticism. The Arabic term sufi has been used in Islamic literature with a wide range of meanings, by both proponents and opponents of Sufism. Classical Sufi texts, which stressed certain teachings and practices of the Quran and the sunnah.
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The Catholic Churchsometimes referred to as the Roman Catholic Churchis the largest Christian churchwith approximately 1. Peteris the chief pastor [9] of the whole church, entrusted with the universal Petrine ministry of unity and correction.

The church's international administration is the Holy Seelocated in the tiny, independent European state of Vatican City in Rome, Italyof which the pope is also head of state. The Christian beliefs of Catholicism are found in the Nicene Creed. The Catholic Church teaches that it is the one, holy, catholic and apostolic church founded by Jesus Christ in his Great Commission[10] [11] [note 1] that its bishops are the successors of Histoical apostlesand that the pope https://amazonia.fiocruz.br/scdp/blog/story-in-italian/perceptions-of-the-supernatural-among-african-americans.php the successor to Saint Peterupon whom primacy was conferred by Jesus Christ.

Of its seven sacramentsthe Eucharist is the principal one, celebrated liturgically in the Mass. The Catholic Church is the largest non-government provider of education and health care in the world. The Catholic Church has influenced Western philosophycultureartand science.

Catholics live all over the world through missionsdiasporaand conversions. Since the 20th century the majority reside in the southern hemispheredue to secularization in Europe, and increased persecution in the Middle East. Source Catholic Church shared communion with the Eastern Orthodox Church until the East—West Schism indisputing particularly the authority of the pope.

In the 16th century, the Reformation led to Protestantism also breaking away. From the late 20th century, the Catholic Church has been criticized for its teachings on sexualityits inability to ordain womenand its handling of sexual abuse cases involving clergy. The church operates thousands of The Historical And Modern Definition Of Fatima click, hospitalsand orphanages around the world, and is the largest non-governmental provider of education and health care in the world. Among its other social services are numerous charitable and humanitarian organizations. Having founded most of the world's first universitiesthe church today is also the largest provider of higher education. Since the East—West Schism ofthe Eastern Church has taken the adjective "Orthodox" as its distinctive epithet however, its official name continues to be the "Orthodox Catholic Church" [27] and the Western Church in communion with the Holy See has similarly taken "Catholic", keeping that description also after the Protestant Reformation of the 16th century, when those Hong Kong A Unique Of System ceased to be in communion became known as "Protestants".

While the "Roman Church" has been used to describe the pope's Diocese of Rome since the Fall of the Western Roman Empire and into the Early The Historical And Modern Definition Of Fatima Ages 6th—10th centurythe "Roman Catholic Church" has been applied to the whole church in the English language since the Protestant Reformation in the late 16th century.

The name "Catholic Church" is also used in the documents of the Second Vatican Council —[31] the First Vatican Council —[32] the Council of Trent —[33] and numerous other official documents. The Catholic Church follows an episcopal polityled by bishops who have received the sacrament of Holy Orders who are given formal jurisdictions of governance within the church. Ultimately leading the entire Catholic Church is the Bishop of Rome, commonly called the pope, whose jurisdiction is called the Holy See.

In parallel to the diocesan structure are a variety of religious institutes that function autonomously, often subject only to the authority of the pope, though sometimes subject to the local bishop.

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Most religious institutes only have male or female members but some have both. Additionally, lay members aid many liturgical functions during worship services. The hierarchy of the Catholic Church is headed [note 5] by the Bishop of Romeknown as the pope Latin : papa ; "father"who is the leader of the worldwide Catholic Church.

Particular churches. Philosophy, theology, and fundamental theory of canon law. Juridic and physical persons. Associations of the faithful.]