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Applications of TiO 2 nanomaterials in photocatalysis, batteries, supercapacitors and solar cells, have seen widespread development in recent decades. Enhancing the optical absorption characteristics of TiO 2 and change of energy level and band-gap of materials have been successfully demonstrated to improve their photocatalytic activities, especially for Ths TiO 2 nanoparticles, which promote visible light absorption.

The current review focuses on the investigation of the chemical reduction synthetic route for black TiO 2 nanomaterials, and their proposed association with green here such as photodegradation of organic pollutants and photocatalytic water splitting. Chen et al. Hu et al. Oxygen vacancies have Aporoach detected by a few techniques Zhang and Park, : electron paramagnetic resonance EPRelectron spin resonance ESRand Raman spectroscopy.

The formation defects in titanium oxide are given below Jayashree and Ashokkumar, :. Cui et al. Increasing the optical absorption properties and diminishing electron-hole recombination of TiO 2 are expected to be meaningful for excellent photoactivity.

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The optical band gaps of white anatase and rutile TiO 2 are reported as 3. A significant reduction in the TiO 2 band-gap around 1. The color change of titanium oxide from gray, blue, brown or black color, reflects in turn the optical properties and structural changes Yan et al. By exposure to visible light, a heterojunction type I Isac et al. Figure 1. The heterojunction between white TiO 2 and colored TiO 2. The oxygen vacancy can significantly affect the electric and optical properties of the materials, by forming a donor level below the conduction band, located at 1.

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Hu emphasize The Green Chemistry Approach Used For Quick importance of the crystalline phase of titanium oxide in the synthesis of Aprpoach TiO 2 ; the rutile phase is theoretically easier to obtain than anatase crystalline phase because the formation energy of an oxygen vacancy in the rutile surface is lower 5. The photocatalytic behavior of TiO 2 was found to depend on the crystalline phase; the white TiO 2 anatase phase has been shown to have higher photocatalytic efficiency than rutile TiO 2. Contrary to the previous statement, black rutile TiO 2 has been reported to have the best photocatalytic performance.

The synthesis methods explored through hydrogenation, plasma, chemical reduction, electrochemical reduction, laser ablation in liquid, and oxidation approaches were available in the literature over the last decade for black TiO 2 photocatalytic materials Rajaraman et al.]