Sociology An Academic Discipline For Many Reasons - amazonia.fiocruz.br

Rather valuable: Sociology An Academic Discipline For Many Reasons

Peace and conflict studies is a social science field that identifies and analyzes violent and nonviolent behaviours as well as the structural mechanisms attending conflicts including social conflictswith a view towards understanding those processes which lead to a more desirable human condition. This social science is in contrast to military studieswhich has as its aim on the efficient attainment of victory in conflicts, primarily by violent means to the satisfaction of one or more, but not all, parties involved. Disciplines involved may include philosophypolitical sciencegeographyeconomicspsychologysociologyinternational relationshistoryanthropologyreligious studiesand gender studiesas well as a variety of others. Relevant Sociology An Academic Discipline For Many Reasons of such fields, such as peace economicsmay be regarded as belonging to peace and conflict studies also.

Peace and conflict studies is both a pedagogical activity, in which teachers transmit knowledge to students; and a research activity, in which researchers create new knowledge about the sources of conflict. Peace and conflict studies entails understanding the concept of peace which is defined as political condition that ensures read article and social stability through formal and informal institutions, practices, and norms. Academics and students in the world's oldest universities have long been motivated by an interest in peace. American student interest in what we today think of as peace studies first appeared in the form of campus clubs at United States colleges in the years immediately following the American Civil War. Similar movements appeared in Sweden in the last years of the 19th century, as elsewhere soon after.

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These were student-originated discussion groups, not formal courses included in college curricula. The First World War was a turning point in Western attitudes to war. These included breaking up European empires into nation states and the establishment of the Academuc of Nations. These moves, intended to ensure a peaceful future, were the background to a number of developments in the emergence of Peace and Sociology An Academic Discipline For Many Reasons Studies as an academic discipline but go here also, as Keynes presciently Sociology An Academic Discipline For Many Reasons out, laid the seeds for future conflict. After World War IIthe founding of the UN system provided a further stimulus for more rigorous approaches to peace and conflict studies to emerge.

Many university courses in schools of higher learning around the world began to develop which touched upon questions of peace, often in relation to war, during this period. The first undergraduate academic program in peace studies in the United States was Sociologj in by Gladdys Muir, at Manchester University a liberal arts college located in North Manchester, Indiana. Work by academics such as Johan Galtung and John Burtonand debates in fora such as the Journal of Peace Research in the s reflected the growing interest and academic stature of the field. As the Cold War ended, peace and conflict studies courses shifted their focus from international conflict [5] and towards complex issues related Reasonns political violence, human securitydemocratisationhuman rightssocial justicewelfaredevelopmentand producing sustainable forms of peace.

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Agendas relating to positive peace in European academic contexts were already widely debated in the s. Bya review of course offerings in peace studies included topics such as: "north-south relations"; "development, debt, and global poverty"; "the environment, population growth, and resource scarcity"; and "feminist perspectives on peace, militarism, and political violence.

There is now Sociology An Academic Discipline For Many Reasons general consensus on the importance https://amazonia.fiocruz.br/scdp/blog/work-experience-programme/a-report-on-the-association.php peace and conflict studies among scholars from a range of disciplines in and around the social sciences, as well as from many influential policymakers around the world.

Peace and conflict studies today is widely researched and taught in a large and growing number of institutions and locations. The number of universities offering peace and conflict studies courses is hard to estimate, mostly because courses may be taught out of different departments and have very different names.

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The International Peace Research Association website gives one of the most authoritative listings available. The Rotary Foundation and the UN University supports several international academic teaching and research programs. Fifty-five percent of the church-related schools that have peace studies programs are Roman Catholic. Other denominations with more than one college or university with a peace studies program are the QuakersMennonites Disciplibe, Church of the Brethrenand United Church of Christ. One hundred fifteen of these programs are at the undergraduate level and 21 at the graduate level.

Fifteen of these colleges and universities had both undergraduate and graduate programs. Perhaps most importantly, such programs and research agendas have now become common in institutions located in conflict, post-conflict, and developing countries and regions such as e.

Although individual thinkers such as Immanuel Kant had long recognised the centrality of peace see Perpetual Peaceit was not until the s and DDiscipline that peace studies began to emerge as an academic discipline with its own research tools, a specialized set of concepts, and forums for discussion such as journals and conferences.]