Social Categofication Of Social Stratification In The - amazonia.fiocruz.br

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Describe social stratification and mobility in the United States

Caste is a form of social stratification characterized by endogamyhereditary transmission of a style of life which often includes an occupation, ritual status in a hierarchy, and customary social interaction and link based on cultural notions of purity and pollution.

A subject of much scholarship by sociologists and anthropologists, the Hindu caste system Socia sometimes used as an analogical basis for the study of caste-like social divisions existing outside Hinduism and India.

The term "caste" is also applied to morphological groupings in female populations of ants and bees. The English word "caste" derives from the Spanish and Portuguese castawhich, according to the John Minsheu 's Spanish dictionarymeans "race, lineage, tribe or breed".

It was, however, the Portuguese who first employed casta in the primary modern sense of the English word 'caste' when they applied it to the thousands of endogamous, hereditary Indian social groups they encountered upon their arrival in India in Herbert Hope Risley, the Census Commissioner, noted that "The principle suggested as a basis read article that of classification by social precedence as recognized by native public opinion at the present day, and manifesting itself in the facts that particular castes are supposed to be the modern representatives of one or other of the castes of the theoretical Indian system.

The texts do not mention any hierarchy or a separate, untouchable category in Varna classifications. Scholars believe that the Varnas system was never truly operational in society and there is no evidence of it ever being a reality in Indian history.

The practical division of the society had always been Stratigication terms of Jatis birth groupswhich are not based on any specific religious principle, but could vary from ethnic origins to occupations to geographic areas.

Many of India's major empires and dynasties like the Mauryas, [9] Shalivahanas, [10] Chalukyas, [11] Kakatiyas [12] among many others, were founded by people who would have been classified as Shudras, under the Varnas system.

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It is well established that by the 9th century, kings from all the four Varnas, including Brahmins and Vaishyas, had occupied the highest seat in the monarchical system in Hindu India, contrary to the Varna theory. The classical authors scarcely speak of anything other than the varnasas it provided a convenient shorthand; Stratificqtion a problem arises when colonial Indologists sometimes confuse the two.

Upon independence from Britain, the Indian Constitution listed 1, castes across the country as Scheduled Castes infor positive discrimination. Ingovernment recorded approximatelycases of reported violent acts, including rape and murder, against Dalits.

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The socio-economic limitations of the caste system are reduced due to urbanization and affirmative action. Nevertheless, the caste system still exists in endogamy and patrimonyand thrives in the politics of democracy, where caste provides ready made constituencies to politicians. The globalization and economic opportunities from foreign businesses has influenced the growth of India's middle-class population.]