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Even before the American colonies won their independence from Britain in the Revolutionary War, settlers were migrating westward into what are now the states of Kentucky and Tennessee, as well as parts of the Ohio Valley and the Deep South. The Monroe Doctrine, adopted in , was the closest America ever came to making Manifest Destiny official policy; it put European nations on notice that the U. Westward the Course of Empire. The debate over whether the U. When the Dred Scott case prevented Congress from passing laws prohibiting slavery and the Kansas-Nebraska act gave citizens of new states the right to decide for themselves whether their state would be free or slaveholding, a wave of settlers rushed to populate the Kansas-Nebraska Territory in order to make their position—pro- or anti-slavery—the dominant one when states were carved out of that territory. The slavery debate intensified after the Republic of Texas was annexed and new lands acquired as a result of the Mexican War and an agreement with Britain that gave the U.

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Manifest Destiny And Western Expansion

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Manifest destiny was a widely held American imperialist cultural belief in the 19th-century United States that American settlers were destined to expand across North America. There are three basic themes to manifest destiny:.

Historian Frederick Merk says this concept was born out of "a sense of mission to redeem the Old World by high example Historians have emphasized that "manifest destiny" was a contested concept— Democrats endorsed the idea but many prominent Americans such as Abraham Lincoln[9] Ulysses S. Grant[10] and most Whigs rejected it. Whigs saw America's moral mission as one of democratic example rather than one of conquest. It lacked national, sectional, or party following Mainfest with its magnitude.

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The reason was it did not reflect the national spirit. The thesis that it embodied nationalism, found in much historical here, is backed by little real supporting evidence. Newspaper editor John O'Sullivan is generally credited with coining the term manifest destiny in to describe the essence of this mindset; [14] however, the unsigned editorial titled "Annexation" in which it first appeared was arguably written by journalist and annexation advocate Jane Cazneau.

However, manifest destiny always limped along because of its internal limitations and the issue of slavery in the United Statessays Merk, and never became a national priority. Byformer U. President John Quincy Adamsoriginally a major supporter of the concept underlying manifest destiny, had changed his mind and repudiated expansionism because it meant Manifest Destiny And Western Expansion expansion of slavery in Texas. There was never a set of principles defining manifest destiny; it was always a general idea rather than a specific policy made with a motto. Ill-defined but keenly felt, manifest destiny was an expression of conviction in the morality and value of expansionism that complemented other popular ideas of the era, including American exceptionalism and Romantic nationalism.

Andrew Jacksonwho spoke of "extending the area of freedom", typified Manifest Destiny And Western Expansion conflation of America's potential greatness, the nation's budding sense of Romantic self-identity, and its expansion. Yet Jackson would not be the only president to elaborate on the principles underlying manifest destiny.

Owing in part to the lack of a definitive narrative outlining its rationale, proponents offered divergent Wetsern seemingly conflicting viewpoints. While many writers focused primarily upon American expansionism, be it into Mexico or across the Pacific, others saw the term as a call to example. Without an agreed upon interpretation, much less an elaborated political philosophy, these conflicting views of America's destiny were never resolved.

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This variety of possible meanings was summed up by Ernest Lee Tuveson: "A vast complex of ideas, policies, and actions is comprehended under the phrase "Manifest Destiny". They are not, as we should expect, all compatible, nor do they come from any one source. Journalist John L.]