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Click here to see what's new. A distributed optical fiber dynamic strain sensor also known as a distributed acoustic sensor DAS based on two-mode fiber is demonstrated. In addition, by combining the results obtained from different modes, 2. These results confirm that few-mode fibers can be used for DAS applications. Further distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the author s and the published article's title, journal citation, and DOI. In the past few years, few mode fibers FMFs have been adopted Grossberg And Hartog Reaction Paper increasingly in communication systems as well as in areas such as high-voltage cable condition monitoring, pipeline leakage detection, fire detection, and environmental monitoring [ 1 ]. FMFs are used as a sensing medium in distributed optical fiber sensing due to their advantages such as higher nonlinear threshold level as well as higher capture fraction of the scattered light [ 2 ].

In FMFs, probe pulse with a higher energy can be used compared with that in single mode fibers SMFsresulting in a stronger backscattering which, consequently, leads to a better signal-to-noise ratio SNR.

Several groups have started to study the advantages of Brillouin scattering in FMF, to develop new distributed optical fiber sensors DOFS for measurement of curvature [ 3 ], temperature [ 4, 5 ], and strain [ 6, 7 ]. For instance, inLi et al. Weng et al. In another study, Wu et al. However, they have not taken advantage of the Brillouin or Raman scattering in each individual modes [ 12, 13 ]. In these studies, the Grossberg And Hartog Reaction Paper have used the far field method to generalize the behavior of light scattering in multimode fibers [ 15 ]. They have numerically analyzed the capture fraction for different modes of a multimode step index fiber and for a range of different fiber parameters, including the core radius, the refractive index of the core and clad, and the numerical aperture NA and frequency of the launched radiation [ 2 ].

In addition, inWang et al. A two-mode step-index fiber is used as a sensing medium and the proposed sensing system takes advantage of the previously established sensing techniques developed by the authors [ 17, 18 ].

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It acquires the unity value for azimuthal modes and 2 for radial modes. Based on Eq.

If the intensity of the Rayleigh backscattered light for the LP 01 mode is normalized to 1, the fraction of the intensity of the Rayleigh light backscattered in the LP 11 mode would be 0. This equation is valid for any step-index FMF.

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Therefore, for the Rayleigh backscattering signal, the total inter-mode crosstalk among different backscattered modes should be Hence, it can be concluded that the phase of the Rayleigh backscattered light in one mode does not significantly affect that in other modes and the phase of different modes can be considered as independent. So far, it is established that higher order modes support backscattered light and that the backscattered light in each mode propagates independently without significant cross-coupling. Therefore, it can be concluded that the backscattered light in different modes can be used for a DAS system. In this technique, a short pulse of light is launched into the fiber and the resultant backscattered coherent Rayleigh light is passed through an imbalanced Mach—Zehnder interferometer IMZI and onto a detector.

The role of the IMZI is to mix the backscattered light from two adjacent points of sensing fiber in order to extract the Grossberg And Hartog Reaction Paper between them. The gauge length l is equal to half the path difference between the two arms of the IMZI. This assumes that the pulse width is shorter compared to the length of the delay fiber. The experimental setup used in this study is shown in Fig. The probe pulse with a peak power of 2.]