In China, large-area excavation and filling engineering has increased rapidly with the expansion of construction land.
The quality of filling engineering is the most important guarantee for the stability of building structures. Among all research on fill soil, the compaction characteristics are significant for indicating the strength and stability of filling engineering. In this paper, two layers of loess fill soil were compacted by a self-manufactured test system with three different compaction energies. Based on the variation Factors That Affect Soil Development the soil bottom pressure obtained in the tests, the influence of the compaction parameters on the soil bottom pressure was investigated. The results show that the compaction curve can be used instead of the curve of the change in soil bottom pressure with water content; as the soil density increases, the soil bottom pressure increases to the maximum.
This paper describes the compaction characteristics of loess fill soil from the perspective of energy transfer, Fctors the conclusions provide a theoretical basis for soil filling engineering.
What does soil contain?
Editor: Vassilis G. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Licensewhich permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Competing interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests https://amazonia.fiocruz.br/scdp/blog/culture-and-selfaeesteem/pros-and-cons-of-policing.php. Currently, there is a large amount of filling engineering for the expansion of construction land in China [ 1 ]. Many serious problems hinder the process of controlling soil strength and stability during compaction. For example, various engineering distresses, such as pavement cracking due to insufficient fill strength, have emerged one after another in Handan, China [ 2 ].
Due to the deficient compaction of roadbeds in the Beijing-Kowloon railway, Factors That Affect Soil Development roadbed subsidence events and other distresses have occurred [ 4 ].
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Therefore, to reduce the engineering distresses of fill, compaction parameters must be strictly controlled. However, accurately determining the degree of compaction is a crucial subject in filling engineering.
The compactness is often used to represent the quality of the fill. Compactness is the ratio between the field compaction density and the maximum laboratory-tested dry density [ 5 ]. Developmenr compaction method utilized, such as roller compaction, tamping, and vibrating compaction, also affects the compaction quality. Regardless of the method, the soil here compressed to the required density by compressing the soil pores.
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The maximum laboratory-tested dry density is Factors That Affect Soil Development peak value of the compaction curve that is, Tbat relationship between water content and dry density obtained from the heavy compaction test in the laboratory. For the sake of calculating the compactness and accurately controlling the compaction parameters, many researchers have investigated the compaction process and mechanism of fine-grained soil. On the basis of summarizing multiple engineering practices, Proctor Afect 6 ] emphasized the lubricating effect of water in soil during compaction. Hogentogler [ 7 ] discussed the compaction mechanism from the perspective of the viscosity of water in soil. Lambe [ 8 ] explained the compaction mechanism combined with the physical and chemical effects of the soil structure and particle surfaces. Olson [ 9 ] summarized the above theoretical basis and proposed https://amazonia.fiocruz.br/scdp/blog/story-in-italian/kant-and-jean-jacques-rousseau.php theory of effective stress to explain the compaction mechanism.
Many factors affect compaction quality. Gurtug and Sridharan [ 10 ] proposed the use of the plasticity limit based on soil to determine the optimal water contents and maximum dry densities of soil samples under different compaction energies. Noor et al. Yang [ 12 ] studied the change in compacted loess under different compaction energies and water Factors That Affect Soil Development and reported that the compaction quality depended on strict control of the water content.
It is particularly important to determine the optimal water contents and the maximum dry densities of soil samples. Mitchell [ 13 ] studied loess under a vibrating load and reported that the number of vibration compactions significantly affected the shear strength of loess.
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Many experts have analyzed the mechanical properties of compacted soil. Xiao et al. Jia et al. Lu et al.]
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