Determination Of Amino Acids From Fruit Juices - amazonia.fiocruz.br

Not simple: Determination Of Amino Acids From Fruit Juices

Determination Of Amino Acids From Fruit Juices Video

Identification of tomato varieties able to exhibit higher accumulation of primary and secondary metabolites in their fruits is currently a main objective in tomato breeding. One tool to improve fruit quality is to cultivate the plants under salt stress, although improvement of fruit quality is generally accompanied by productivity losses.

However, it is very interesting to implement strategies aiming at enhancing fruit quality of tomato by means of growing plants in moderate salt stress that allows for a sustainable fruit yield. The traditional tomato varieties adapted to the Mediterranean environmental constraints may be Determination Of Amino Acids From Fruit Juices attractive plant materials to achieve this goal, given the wide range of fruit quality traits because of their genetic diversity. Plants were grown without salt control and with moderate salt stress 50 mM NaClwhich did not affect fruit yield in any variety. Salinity affects fruit quality by inducing metabolic changes Fanciullino et al. Plants have developed several strategies to counteract increases in environmental salt concentration including accumulation of specific, osmotically active metabolites and specific secondary metabolites, but the effect of salinity can vary depending on the species or variety as well as salt concentration Albaladejo et al.

Tomato Solanum lycopersicum is one of the most important horticultural crops worldwide and ranks second after potato in terms of global production and first in terms of yield FAOSTAT, The importance of tomato fruit for human health is reflected by its high consumption per capita, and the identification of tomato varieties that accumulate higher levels of primary and secondary metabolites in their fruit is Case Analysis Of priority objective Hou et al.

A recent review of studies investigating the impact of abiotic stress on primary and secondary metabolism of tomato concluded that understanding tomato responses to salt Determination Of Amino Acids From Fruit Juices, including the accumulation of metabolites, is critical for maximizing productivity and fruit quality Quinet et al.

Amla fruit pulp composition

Modern breeding practices have been shown to alter the tomato fruit metabolome Zhu et al. Plant breeding was previously carried out by farmers who selected for specific adaptive traits, which produced the traditional tomato varieties; however, these have been largely replaced by a small number of cultivars in modern plant breeding, which has highly increased the vulnerability of tomato genetic resources Dwivedi Determinatuon al. Because of their closer genetic proximity to modern cultivars than their wild relatives, landraces or traditional varieties that have emerged from adaptive responses to local habitats are a valuable source of many traits of agronomic interest and associated with fruit nutritional quality Gascuel et al.

Plants have a limited supply of resources that are divided between competing physiologic functions, resulting in resource allocation trade-offs Munns et al. When plant growth and fruit yield are reduced as a result of exposure to salt stress, these resources may be diverted to metabolite synthesis, resulting in changes in the metabolome that might be different depending on the stress levels.

We previously investigated changes in the metabolome induced by high salt stress level mM NaCl and found that while fruit yield was significantly reduced, fruit quality was improved Massaretto et al. From an agronomic standpoint, it Determination Of Amino Acids From Fruit Juices desirable to achieve the latter without sacrificing the former, which may be possible by applying moderate salt stress levels, as controlled application of salt stress in greenhouses has been proposed as an innovative strategy for enhancing crop quality Toscano et al.

During this period, plants were irrigated daily with half-strength Hoagland solution Hoagland and Arnon, A spring—summer culture was maintained in a greenhouse located on the campus of the University of Murcia Espinardo, Spain that offered controlled culture conditions.

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The fertigation i. Plant fertigation was Frm using a drip irrigation system with 3 L h —1 drippers. Salt level 50 mM NaCl was selected from preliminary assays using irrigation waters with increasing NaCl concentrations from 30 to 60 mM, being this salt level where plants were able to maintain fruit production. At the six-leaf stage, when time elapsed from sowing was 45 days, fertigation solution supplemented with 50 mM NaCl was applied to seven plants of each tomato variety for 80 days, while the other seven plants of each variety were irrigated without salt control condition. A completely randomized design with seven plants per variety was used for each treatment 0 and 50 mM NaCl.

Determination Of Amino Acids From Fruit Juices the start of salt treatment, plant height, number of leaves, and chlorophyll content and fluorescence were determined to verify the homogeneity of the plants. The latter two physiologic parameters were measured as previously described Garcia-Abellan et al. To determine fruit yield based on fruit number Frit fruit weightripe fruits from the first to third truss of each plant were collected, weighed, and counted.

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At the end of the experiment, the shoot of plants was weighed, and the harvest index was estimated as the ratio of fruit yield to total plant biomass vegetative and reproductive. To determine fruit quality standard parameters [soluble solids content SSC and titratable acidity Continue reading ], fruits at the red ripe RR stage were harvested. Mature-green MG fruits that had reached their final size were also harvested for mineral and metabolite analyses.

Frozen samples were homogenized with a mortar and pestle to proceed with the metabolic analyses. A portion of frozen material was lyophilized for water content analysis, weighting it before and after the freeze-drying process.

For each variety, fruit stage, and treatment, three biological replicates here 10 fruits each were analyzed. For SSC analysis, an aliquot of frozen tomato fruit sample was thawed and filtered through a nylon membrane filter.

TA was determined in triplicate from the juice by taking 5 g of the thawed fruit pericarp homogenate and adding 45 ml of distilled H 2 O, followed by pH titration with 0. Primary metabolites were analyzed as previously described Choi et al.]